Article: This is a list of published International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and other deliverables. For a complete and up-to-date list of all the ISO standards, see the ISO catalogue.
The standards are protected by copyright and most of them must be purchased. However, about 300 of the standards produced by ISO and IEC's Joint Technical Committee 1 (JTC 1) have been made freely and publicly available.
ISO 18000 – ISO 18999
ISO/IEC 18000 Information technology – Radio frequency identification for item management
ISO/IEC 18004:2015 Information technology – Automatic identification and data capture techniques – QR Code bar code symbology specification
ISO/IEC 18009:1999 Information technology – Programming languages – Ada: Conformity assessment of a language processor
ISO/IEC 18010:2002 Information technology - Pathways and spaces for customer premises cabling
ISO/IEC 18012 Information technology - Home Electronic System - Guidelines for product interoperability
ISO/IEC 18012-1:2004 Part 1: Introduction
ISO/IEC 18012-2:2012 Part 2: Taxonomy and application interoperability model
ISO/IEC 18013 Information technology – Personal identification – ISO-compliant driving license
ISO/IEC 18013-1:2005 Part 1: Physical characteristics and basic data set
ISO/IEC 18013-2:2008 Part 2: Machine-readable technologies
ISO/IEC 18013-3:2017 Part 3: Access control, authentication and integrity validation
ISO/IEC 18013-4:2019 Part 4: Test methods
ISO/IEC 18013-5 Part 5: Mobile driving licence (mDL) application
ISO/IEC 18014 Information technology – Security techniques – Time-stamping services
ISO/IEC TR 18015:2006 Information technology - Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces - Technical Report on C++ Performance
ISO/IEC TR 18016:2003 Information technology – Message Handling Systems (MHS): Interworking with Internet e-mail
ISO/IEC 18017:2001 Information technology – Telecommunications and information exchange between systems – Private Integrated Services Network – Mapping functions for the employment of Virtual Private Network scenarios
ISO/IEC TR 18018:2010 Information technology - Systems and software engineering - Guide for configuration management tool capabilities
ISO/IEC 18021:2002 Information technology – User interfaces for mobile tools for management of database communications in a client-server model
ISO/IEC 18023 Information technology – SEDRIS
ISO/IEC 18023-1:2006 Part 1: Functional specification
ISO/IEC 18023-2:2006 Part 2: Abstract transmittal format
ISO/IEC 18023-3:2006 Part 3: Transmittal format binary encoding
ISO/IEC 18024 Information technology – SEDRIS language bindings
ISO/IEC 18024-4:2006 Part 4: C
ISO/IEC 18025:2005 Information technology – Environmental Data Coding Specification (EDCS)
ISO/IEC 18026:2009 Information technology – Spatial Reference Model (SRM)
ISO/IEC 18031:2011 Information technology - Security techniques - Random bit generation
ISO/IEC 18032:2005 Information technology - Security techniques - Prime number generation
ISO/IEC 18033 Information technology – Security techniques – Encryption algorithms
ISO/IEC 18033-1:2015 Part 1: General
ISO/IEC 18033-2:2006 Part 2: Asymmetric ciphers
ISO/IEC 18033-3:2010 Part 3: Block ciphers
ISO/IEC 18033-4:2011 Part 4: Stream ciphers
ISO/IEC 18033-5:2015 Part 5: Identity-based ciphers
ISO/IEC 18035:2003 Information technology – Icon symbols and functions for controlling multimedia software applications
ISO/IEC 18036:2003 Information technology - Icon symbols and functions for World Wide Web browser toolbars
ISO/IEC TR 18037:2008 Programming languages - C - Extensions to support embedded processors
ISO/IEC 18041 Information technology – Computer graphics, image processing and environmental data representation – Environmental Data Coding Specification (EDCS) language bindings
ISO/IEC 18041-4:2016 Part 4: C
ISO/IEC 18042 Information technology – Computer graphics and image processing – Spatial Reference Model (SRM) language bindings
ISO/IEC 18042-4:2006 Part 4: C
ISO/IEC 18045:2008 Information technology - Security techniques - Methodology for IT security evaluation
ISO/IEC 18046 Information technology - Radio frequency identification device performance test methods
ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011 Part 1: Test methods for system performance
ISO/IEC 18046-2:2011 Part 2: Test methods for interrogator performance
ISO/IEC 18046-3:2012 Part 3: Test methods for tag performance
ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015 Part 4: Test methods for performance of RFID gates in libraries
ISO/IEC 18047 Information technology - Radio frequency identification device conformance test methods
ISO/IEC 18047-2:2012 Part 2: Test methods for air interface communications below 135 kHz
ISO/IEC TR 18047-3:2011 Part 3: Test methods for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
ISO/IEC TR 18047-4:2004 Part 4: Test methods for air interface communications at 2,45 GHz
ISO/IEC 18047-6:2012 Part 6: Test methods for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz
ISO/IEC TR 18047-7:2010 Part 7: Test methods for active air interface communications at 433 MHz
ISO/IEC 18050:2006 Information technology - Office equipment - Print quality attributes for machine readable Digital Postage Marks
ISO/IEC 18051:2012 Information technology – Telecommunications and information exchange between systems – Services for Computer Supported Telecommunications Applications (CSTA) Phase III
ISO/IEC 18052:2012 Information technology – Telecommunications and information exchange between systems – ASN.1 for Computer Supported Telecommunications Applications (CSTA) Phase III
ISO/IEC TR 18053:2000 Information technology - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Glossary of definitions and terminology for Computer Supported Telecommunications Applications (CSTA) Phase III
ISO/IEC 18056:2012 Information technology – Telecommunications and information exchange between systems – XML Schema Definitions for Computer Supported Telecommunications Applications (CSTA) Phase III
ISO/IEC TR 18057:2004 Information technology – Telecommunications and information exchange between systems – Using ECMA-323 (CSTA XML) in a Voice Browser Environment
ISO/TS 18062:2016 Health informatics – Categorial structure for representation of herbal medicaments in terminological systems
ISO 18064:2014 Thermoplastic elastomers – Nomenclature and abbreviated terms
ISO 18065:2015 Tourism and related services – Tourist services for public use provided by Natural Protected Areas Authorities – Requirements
ISO 18082:2014 Anaesthetic and respiratory equipment – Dimensions of non-interchangeable screw-threaded (NIST) low-pressure connectors for medical gases
ISO 18091:2014 Quality management systems – Guidelines for the application of ISO 9001:2008 in local government
ISO/IEC 18092:2013 Information technology – Telecommunications and information exchange between systems – Near Field Communication – Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1)
ISO/IEC 18093:1999 Information technology - Data interchange on 130 mm optical disk cartridges of type WORM (Write Once Read Many) using irreversible effects - Capacity: 5,2 Gbytes per cartridge
ISO 18104:2014 Health informatics – Categorial structures for representation of nursing diagnoses and nursing actions in terminological systems
ISO/TS 18110:2015 Nanotechnologies - Vocabularies for science, technology and innovation indicators
ISO 18115 Surface chemical analysis – Vocabulary
ISO 18115-1:2013 Part 1: General terms and terms used in spectroscopy
ISO 18115-2:2013 Part 2: Terms used in scanning-probe microscopy
ISO 18117:2009 Surface chemical analysis – Handling of specimens prior to analysis
ISO 18118:2004 Surface chemical analysis - Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy - Guide to the use of experimentally determined relative sensitivity factors for the quantitative analysis of homogeneous materials
ISO/IEC TR 18120:2016 Information technology - Learning, education, and training - Requirements for e-textbooks in education
ISO/IEC TR 18121:2015 Information technology - Learning, education and training - Virtual experiment framework
ISO/TR 18128:2014 Information and documentation - Risk assessment for records processes and systems
ISO 18129:2015 Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines – Approaches for performance diagnosis
ISO/TS 18152 Ergonomics of human-system interaction – Specification for the process assessment of human-system issues
ISO 18158:2016 Workplace air - Terminology
ISO/TS 18173:2005 Non-destructive testing - General terms and definitions
ISO/IEC 18180:2013 Information technology - Specification for the Extensible Configuration Checklist Description Format (XCCDF) Version 1.2
ISO/IEC 18181 Information technology — JPEG XL image coding system
ISO/IEC 18181-1:2022 Part 1: Core coding system
ISO/IEC 18181-2:2021 Part 2: File format
ISO 18185 Freight containers – Electronic seals
ISO 18189:2016 Ophthalmic optics – Contact lenses and contact lens care products – Cytotoxicity testing of contact lenses in combination with lens care solution to evaluate lens/solution interactions
ISO 18190:2016 Anaesthetic and respiratory equipment – General requirements for airways and related equipment
ISO 18192 Implants for surgery – Wear of total intervertebral spinal disc prostheses
ISO 18192-1:2011 Part 1: Loading and displacement parameters for wear testing and corresponding environmental conditions for test
ISO 18192-2:2010 Part 2: Nucleus replacements
ISO 18192-3:2017 Part 3: Impingement-wear testing and corresponding environmental conditions for test of lumbar prostheses under adverse kinematic conditions
ISO/TR 18196:2016 Nanotechnologies – Measurement technique matrix for the characterization of nano-objects
ISO 18215:2015 Ships and marine technology - Vessel machinery operations in polar waters - Guidelines
ISO 18232:2006 Health Informatics – Messages and communication – Format of length limited globally unique string identifiers
ISO/TS 18234 Intelligent transport systems – Traffic and travel information via transport protocol experts group, generation 1 (TPEG1) binary data format
ISO/TS 18234-1:2013 Part 1: Introduction, numbering and versions (TPEG1-INV)
ISO/TS 18234-2:2013 Part 2: Syntax, semantics and framing structure (TPEG1-SSF)
ISO/TS 18234-3:2013 Part 3: Service and network information (TPEG1-SNI)
ISO/TS 18234-4:2006 Part 4: Road Traffic Message (RTM) application
ISO/TS 18234-5:2006 Part 5: Public Transport Information (PTI) application
ISO/TS 18234-6:2006 Part 6: Location referencing applications
ISO/TS 18234-7:2013 Part 7: Parking information (TPEG1-PKI)
ISO/TS 18234-8:2012 Part 8: Congestion and Travel Time application (TPEG1-CTT)
ISO/TS 18234-9:2013 Part 9: Traffic event compact (TPEG1-TEC)
ISO/TS 18234-10:2013 Part 10: Conditional access information (TPEG1-CAI)
ISO/TS 18234-11:2013 Part 11: Location Referencing Container (TPEG1-LRC)
ISO 18241:2016 Cardiovascular implants and extracorporeal systems – Cardiopulmonary bypass systems – Venous bubble traps
ISO 18242:2016 Cardiovascular implants and extracorporeal systems – Centrifugal blood pumps
ISO 18245:2003 Retail financial services – Merchant category codes
ISO 18259:2014 Ophthalmic optics – Contact lens care products – Method to assess contact lens care products with contact lenses in a lens case, challenged with bacterial and fungal organisms
ISO/IEC TR 18268:2013 Identification cards – Contactless integrated circuit cards – Proximity cards – Multiple PICCs in a single PCD field
ISO 18295 Customer contact centres
ISO 18295-1:2017 Part 1: Requirements for customer contact centres
ISO 18295-2:2017 Part 2: Requirements for clients using the services of customer contact centres
ISO/IEC 18305:2016 Information technology - Real time locating systems - Test and evaluation of localization and tracking systems
ISO/TR 18307:2001 Health informatics – Interoperability and compatibility in messaging and communication standards – Key characteristics
ISO 18308:2011 Health informatics – Requirements for an electronic health record architecture
ISO 18312 Mechanical vibration and shock – Measurement of vibration power flow from machines into connected support structures
ISO 18312-1:2012 Part 1: Direct method
ISO 18312-2:2012 Part 2: Indirect method
ISO/TR 18317:2017 Intelligent transport systems – Pre-emption of ITS communication networks for disaster and emergency communication – Use case scenarios
ISO 18322:2017 Space systems – General management requirements for space test centres
ISO/IEC 18328 Identification cards – ICC-managed devices
ISO/IEC 18328-1:2015 Part 1: General framework
ISO/IEC 18328-2:2015 Part 2: Physical characteristics and test methods for cards with devices
ISO/IEC 18328-3:2016 Part 3: Organization, security and commands for interchange
ISO/TS 18339:2015 Endotherapy devices – Eyepiece cap and light guide connector
ISO/TS 18340:2015 Endoscopes – Trocar pins, trocar sleeves and endotherapy devices for use with trocar sleeves
ISO/TS 18344:2016 Effectiveness of paper deacidification processes
ISO 18365:2013 Hydrometry – Selection, establishment and operation of a gauging station
ISO/IEC 18367:2016 Information technology - Security techniques - Cryptographic algorithms and security mechanisms conformance testing
ISO 18369 Ophthalmic optics - Contact lenses
ISO 18369-1:2017 Part 1: Vocabulary, classification system and recommendations for labelling specifications
ISO 18369-2:2017 Part 2: Tolerances
ISO 18369-3:2017 Part 3: Measurement methods
ISO 18369-4:2017 Part 4: Physicochemical properties of contact lens materials
ISO/IEC 18370 Information technology - Security techniques - Blind digital signatures
ISO/IEC 18370-1:2016 Part 1: General
ISO/IEC 18370-2:2016 Part 2: Discrete logarithm based mechanisms
ISO/IEC 18372:2004 Information technology – RapidIO interconnect specification
ISO/TR 18476:2017 Ophthalmic optics and instruments – Free form technology – Spectacle lenses and measurement
ISO/IEC 18384 Information technology - Reference Architecture for Service Oriented Architecture (SOA RA)
ISO/IEC 18384-1:2016 Part 1: Terminology and concepts for SOA
ISO/IEC 18384-2:2016 Part 2: Reference Architecture for SOA Solutions
ISO/IEC 18384-3:2016 Part 3: Service Oriented Architecture ontology
ISO 18385:2016 Minimizing the risk of human DNA contamination in products used to collect, store and analyze biological material for forensic purposes – Requirements
ISO 18388:2016 Technical product documentation (TPD) – Relief grooves – Types and dimensioning
ISO 18391:2016 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Population specification
ISO/TR 18401:2017 Nanotechnologies - Plain language explanation of selected terms from the ISO/IEC 80004 series
ISO 18404:2015 Quantitative methods in process improvement - Six Sigma - Competencies for key personnel and their organizations in relation to Six Sigma and Lean implementation
ISO 18405:2017 Underwater acoustics - Terminology
ISO 18406:2017 Underwater acoustics – Measurement of radiated underwater sound from percussive pile driving
ISO 18414:2006 Acceptance sampling procedures by attributes - Accept-zero sampling system based on credit principle for controlling outgoing quality
ISO 18415:2017 Cosmetics – Microbiology – Detection of specified and non-specified microorganisms
ISO 18416:2015 Cosmetics – Microbiology – Detection of Candida albicans
ISO 18431 Mechanical vibration and shock – Signal processing
ISO 18431-1:2005 Part 1: General introduction
ISO 18431-2:2004 Part 2: Time domain windows for Fourier Transform analysis
ISO 18431-3:2014 Part 3: Methods of time-frequency analysis
ISO 18431-4:2007 Part 4: Shock-response spectrum analysis
ISO 18434 Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines – Thermography
ISO 18434-1:2008 Part 1: General procedures
ISO 18436 Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines – Requirements for qualification and assessment of personnel
ISO 18436-1:2012 Part 1: Requirements for assessment bodies and the assessment process
ISO 18436-2:2014 Part 2: Vibration condition monitoring and diagnostics
ISO 18436-3:2012 Part 3: Requirements for training bodies and the training process
ISO 18436-4:2014 Part 4: Field lubricant analysis
ISO 18436-5:2012 Part 5: Lubricant laboratory technician/analyst
ISO 18436-6:2014 Part 6: Acoustic emission
ISO 18436-7:2014 Part 7: Thermography
ISO 18436-8:2013 Part 8: Ultrasound
ISO 18437 Mechanical vibration and shock – Characterization of the dynamic mechanical properties of visco-elastic materials
ISO 18437-1:2012 Part 1: Principles and guidelines
ISO 18437-2:2005 Part 2: Resonance method
ISO 18437-3:2005 Part 3: Cantilever shear beam method
ISO 18437-4:2008 Part 4: Dynamic stiffness method
ISO 18437-5:2011 Part 5: Poisson ratio based on comparison between measurements and finite element analysis
ISO/IEC 18450:2013 Information technology - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Web Services Description Language (WSDL) for CSTA Phase III
ISO 18451 Pigments, dyestuffs and extenders – Terminology
ISO 18451-1:2015 Part 1: General terms
ISO 18457:2016 Biomimetics – Biomimetic materials, structures and components
ISO 18458:2015 Biomimetics – Terminology, concepts and methodology
ISO 18459:2015 Biomimetics – Biomimetic structural optimization
ISO 18461:2016 International museum statistics
ISO 18465:2017 Microbiology of the food chain - Quantitative determination of emetic toxin (cereulide) using LC-MS/MS
ISO/IEC 18477 Information technology - Scalable compression and coding of continuous-tone still images
ISO/IEC 18477-1:2015 Part 1: Scalable compression and coding of continuous-tone still images
ISO/IEC 18477-2:2016 Part 2: Coding of high dynamic range images
ISO/IEC 18477-3:2015 Part 3: Box file format
ISO/IEC 18477-6:2016 Part 6: IDR Integer Coding
ISO/IEC 18477-7:2017 Part 7: HDR Floating-Point Coding
ISO/IEC 18477-8:2016 Part 8: Lossless and near-lossless coding
ISO/IEC 18477-9:2016 Part 9: Alpha channel coding
ISO 18490:2015 Non-destructive testing – Evaluation of vision acuity of NDT personnel
ISO 18495 Intelligent transport systems – Commercial freight – Automotive visibility in the distribution supply chain
ISO 18495-1:2016 Part 1: Architecture and data definitions
ISO/IEC TS 18508:2015 Information technology - Additional Parallel Features in Fortran
ISO 18513:2003 Tourism services - Hotels and other types of tourism accommodation - Terminology
ISO/TR 18529:2000 Ergonomics – Ergonomics of human-system interaction – Human-centred lifecycle process descriptions
ISO/TS 18530:2014 Health Informatics – Automatic identification and data capture marking and labelling – Subject of care and individual provider identification
ISO/TR 18532:2009 Guidance on the application of statistical methods to quality and to industrial standardization
ISO 18541 Road vehicles – Standardized access to automotive repair and maintenance information (RMI)
ISO 18542 Road vehicles – Standardized repair and maintenance information (RMI) terminology
ISO 18542-1:2012 Part 1: General information and use case definition
ISO 18542-2:2014 Part 2: Standardized process implementation requirements, Registration Authority
ISO 18562 Biocompatibility evaluation of breathing gas pathways in healthcare applications
ISO 18562-1:2017 Part 1: Evaluation and testing within a risk management process
ISO 18562-2:2017 Part 2: Tests for emissions of particulate matter
ISO 18562-3:2017 Part 3: Tests for emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
ISO 18562-4:2017 Part 4: Tests for leachables in condensate
ISO 18564:2016 Machinery for forestry – Noise test code
ISO/IEC 18584:2015 Information technology – Identification cards – Conformance test requirements for on-card biometric comparison applications
ISO 18587:2017 Translation services - Post-editing of machine translation output - Requirements
ISO 18589 Measurement of radioactivity in the environment - Soil
ISO 18589-1:2005 Part 1: General guidelines and definitions
ISO 18589-2:2015 Part 2: Guidance for the selection of the sampling strategy, sampling and pre-treatment of samples
ISO 18589-3:2015 Part 3: Test method of gamma-emitting radionuclides using gamma-ray spectrometry
ISO 18589-4:2009 Part 4: Measurement of plutonium isotopes (plutonium 238 and plutonium 239 + 240) by alpha spectrometry
ISO 18589-5:2009 Part 5: Measurement of strontium 90
ISO 18589-6:2009 Part 6: Measurement of gross alpha and gross beta activities
ISO 18589-7:2013 Part 7: In situ measurement of gamma-emitting radionuclides
ISO 18593:2004 Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs – Horizontal methods for sampling techniques from surfaces using contact plates and swabs
ISO/IEC 18598:2016 Information technology - Automated infrastructure management (AIM) systems - Requirements, data exchange and applications
ISO 18600:2015 Textile machinery and accessories – Web roller cards – Terms and definitions
ISO 18601:2013 Packaging and the environment - General requirements for the use of ISO standards in the field of packaging and the environment
ISO 18602:2013 Packaging and the environment—Optimization of the packaging system
ISO 18603:2013 Packaging and the environment—Reuse
ISO 18604:2013 Packaging and the environment—Material recycling
ISO 18605:2013 Packaging and the environment—Energy recovery
ISO 18606:2013 Packaging and the environment—Organic recycling
ISO/TS 18614:2016 Packaging - Label material - Required information for ordering and specifying self-adhesive labels
ISO 18619:2015 Image technology colour management - Black point compensation
ISO 18626:2017 Information and documentation - Interlibrary Loan Transactions
ISO 18629 Industrial automation systems and integration – Process specification language
ISO/TR 18637:2016 Nanotechnologies – Overview of available frameworks for the development of occupational exposure limits and bands for nano-objects and their aggregates and agglomerates (NOAAs)
ISO/TR 18638:2017 Health informatics – Guidance on health information privacy education in healthcare organizations
ISO 18649:2004 Mechanical vibration – Evaluation of measurement results from dynamic tests and investigations on bridges
ISO 18650 Building construction machinery and equipment – Concrete mixers
ISO 18650-1:2004 Part 1: Vocabulary and general specifications
ISO/IEC TS 18661 Information technology - Programming languages, their environments, and system software interfaces - Floating-point extensions for C
ISO/IEC TS 18661-1:2014 Part 1: Binary floating-point arithmetic
ISO/IEC TS 18661-2:2015 Part 2: Decimal floating-point arithmetic
ISO/IEC TS 18661-3:2015 Part 3: Interchange and extended types
ISO/IEC TS 18661-4:2015 Part 4: Supplementary functions
ISO/IEC TS 18661-5:2016 Part 5: Supplementary attributes
ISO 18662 Traditional Chinese medicine - Vocabulary
ISO 18662-1:2017 Part 1: Chinese Materia Medica
ISO 18665:2015 Traditional Chinese medicine – Herbal decoction apparatus
ISO 18666:2015 Traditional Chinese medicine – General requirements of moxibustion devices
ISO 18682:2016 Intelligent transport systems – External hazard detection and notification systems – Basic requirements
ISO 18739:2016 Dentistry - Vocabulary of process chain for CAD/CAM systems
ISO 18743:2015 Microbiology of the food chain – Detection of Trichinella larvae in meat by artificial digestion method
ISO 18744:2016 Microbiology of the food chain – Detection and enumeration of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in fresh leafy green vegetables and berry fruits
ISO/IEC 18745 Information technology – Test methods for machine readable travel documents (MRTD) and associated devices
ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014 Part 1: Physical test methods for passport books (durability)
ISO/IEC 18745-2:2016 Part 2: Test methods for the contactless interface
ISO 18746:2016 Traditional Chinese medicine – Sterile intradermal acupuncture needles for single use
ISO/TS 18750:2015 Intelligent transport systems – Cooperative systems – Definition of a global concept for Local Dynamic Maps
ISO/PAS 18761:2013 Use and handling of medical devices covered by the scope of ISO/TC 84 – Risk assessment on mucocutaneous blood exposure
ISO 18774:2015 Securities and related financial instruments – Financial Instrument Short Name (FISN)
ISO 18775:2008 Veneers – Terms and definitions, determination of physical characteristics and tolerances
ISO 18777:2005 Transportable liquid oxygen systems for medical use – Particular requirements
ISO 18778:2005 Respiratory equipment – Infant monitors – Particular requirements
ISO 18788:2015 Management system for private security operations – Requirements with guidance for use
ISO/TS 18790 Health informatics – Profiling framework and classification for Traditional Medicine informatics standards development
ISO/TS 18790-1:2015 Part 1: Traditional Chinese Medicine
ISO/IEC 18809:2000 Information technology – 8 mm wide magnetic tape cartridge for information interchange – Helical scan recording AIT-1 with MIC format
ISO/IEC 18810:2001 Information technology – 8 mm wide magnetic tape cartridge for information interchange – Helical scan recording AIT-2 with MIC format
ISO 18812:2003 Health informatics – Clinical analyser interfaces to laboratory information systems – Use profiles
ISO/IEC TS 18822:2015 Programming languages - C++ - File System Technical Specification
ISO/TS 18827:2017 Nanotechnologies – Electron spin resonance (ESR) as a method for measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by metal oxide nanomaterials
ISO 18829:2017 Document management - Assessing ECM/EDRM implementations - Trustworthiness
ISO 18831:2016 Clothing – Digital fittings – Attributes of virtual garments
ISO 18835:2015 Inhalational anaesthesia systems – Draw-over anaesthetic systems
ISO/IEC 18836:2001 Information technology – 8 mm wide magnetic tape cartridge for information interchange – Helical scan recording – MammothTape-2 format
ISO 18841:2018 Interpreting services — General requirements and recommendations
ISO/TR 18845:2017 Dentistry - Test methods for machining accuracy of computer-aided milling machines
ISO/TS 18867:2015 Microbiology of the food chain – Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of food-borne pathogens – Detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
ISO 18875:2015 Coalbed methane exploration and development – Terms and definitions
ISO/TS 18876 Industrial automation systems and integration - Integration of industrial data for exchange, access and sharing
ISO/TS 18876-1:2003 Part 1: Architecture overview and description
ISO/TS 18876-2:2003 Part 2: Integration and mapping methodology
ISO 18878:2013 Mobile elevating work platforms – Operator (driver) training
ISO/IEC/IEEE 18880:2015 Information technology – Ubiquitous green community control network protocol
ISO/IEC/IEEE 18881:2016 Information technology – Ubiquitous green community control network – Control and management
ISO/IEC/IEEE 18882:2017 Information technology – Telecommunications and information exchange between systems – Ubiquitous green community control network: Heterogeneous networks convergence and scalability
ISO/IEC/IEEE 18883:2016 Information technology – Ubiquitous green community control network – Security
ISO 18913:2012 Imaging materials - Permanence - Vocabulary
ISO 18921:2008 Imaging materials - Compact discs (CD-ROM) - Method for estimating the life expectancy based on the effects of temperature and relative humidity
ISO 18925:2013 Imaging materials - Optical disc media - Storage practices
ISO 18926:2012 Imaging materials - Information stored on magneto-optical (MO) discs - Method for estimating the life expectancy based on the effects of temperature and relative humidity
ISO 18927:2013 Imaging materials - Recordable compact disc systems - Method for estimating the life expectancy based on the effects of temperature and relative humidity
ISO 18933:2012 Imaging materials – Magnetic tape – Care and handling practices for extended usage
ISO 18938:2014 Imaging materials - Optical discs - Care and handling for extended storage
ISO 19000 – ISO 19999
ISO 19001:2013 In vitro diagnostic medical devices – Information supplied by the manufacturer with in vitro diagnostic reagents for staining in biology
ISO 19005 Document management – Electronic document file format for long-term preservation
ISO/TS 19006:2016 Nanotechnologies – 5-(and 6)-Chloromethyl-2’,7’ Dichloro-dihydrofluorescein diacetate (CM-H2DCF-DA) assay for evaluating nanoparticle-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line
ISO 19011:2011 Guidelines for auditing management systems
ISO 19014 Earth Moving Machinery - Functional Safety
ISO 19017:2015 Guidance for gamma spectrometry measurement of radioactive waste
ISO 19018:2004 Ships and marine technology - Terms, abbreviations, graphical symbols and concepts on navigation
ISO 19019:2005 Sea-going vessels and marine technology - Instructions for planning, carrying out and reporting sea trials
ISO 19020:2017 Microbiology of the food chain – Horizontal method for the immunoenzymatic detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in foodstuffs
ISO/TR 19024:2016 Evaluation of CPB devices relative to their capabilities of reducing the transmission of gaseous microemboli (GME) to a patient during cardiopulmonary bypass
ISO 19028:2016 Accessible design - Information contents, figuration and display methods of tactile guide maps
ISO/TS 19036:2006 Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs – Guidelines for the estimation of measurement uncertainty for quantitative determinations
ISO/TR 19038:2005 Banking and related financial services – Triple DEA – Modes of operation – Implementation guidelines
ISO 19045:2015 Ophthalmic optics – Contact lens care products – Method for evaluating Acanthamoeba encystment by contact lens care products
ISO 19054:2005 Rail systems for supporting medical equipment
ISO/TR 19057:2017 Nanotechnologies – Use and application of acellular in vitro tests and methodologies to assess nanomaterial biodurability
ISO/IEC 19058:2001 Information technology – Telecommunications and information exchange between systems – Broadband Private Integrated Services Network – Inter-exchange signalling protocol – Generic functional protocol
ISO/IEC TR 19075 Information technology database languages — Guidance for the use of database language SQL
ISO 19079:2016 Intelligent transport systems – Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) – 6LoWPAN networking
ISO 19080:2016 Intelligent transport systems – Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) – CoAP facility
ISO/TR 19083 Intelligent transport systems – Emergency evacuation and disaster response and recovery
ISO/TR 19083-1:2016 Part 1: Framework and concept of operation
ISO/IEC 19086 Information technology - Cloud computing - Service level agreement (SLA) framework
ISO/IEC 19086-1:2016 Part 1: Overview and concepts
ISO/IEC 19086-3:2017 Part 3: Core conformance requirements
ISO/TS 19091:2017 Intelligent transport systems – Cooperative ITS – Using V2I and I2V communications for applications related to signalized intersections
ISO 19092:2008 Financial services – Biometrics – Security framework
ISO/IEC 19099:2014 Information technology - Virtualization Management Specification
ISO 19101 Geographic information – Reference model
ISO 19101-1:2014 Part 1: Fundamentals
ISO/TS 19101-2:2008 Part 2: Imagery
ISO/TS 19103:2015 Geographic information – Conceptual schema language
ISO/TS 19104:2016 Geographic information – Terminology
ISO 19105:2000 Geographic information – Conformance and testing
ISO 19106:2004 Geographic information – Profiles
ISO 19107:2003 Geographic information – Spatial schema
ISO 19108:2002 Geographic information – Temporal schema
ISO 19109:2015 Geographic information – Rules for application schema
ISO 19110:2016 Geographic information – Methodology for feature cataloguing
ISO 19111:2007 Geographic information – Spatial referencing by coordinates
ISO 19111-2:2009 Part 2: Extension for parametric values
ISO 19112:2003 Geographic information – Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers
ISO 19113:2002 Geographic information – Quality principles [Withdrawn: replaced by ISO 19157:2013]
ISO 19114:2003 Geographic information – Quality evaluation procedures [Withdrawn: replaced by ISO 19157:2013]
ISO 19115 Geographic information – Metadata
ISO 19115-1:2014 Part 1: Fundamentals
ISO 19115-2:2009 Part 2: Extensions for imagery and gridded data
ISO/TS 19115-3:2016 Part 3: XML schema implementation for fundamental concepts
ISO 19116:2004 Geographic information – Positioning services
ISO 19117:2012 Geographic information – Portrayal
ISO 19118:2011 Geographic information – Encoding
ISO 19119:2016 Geographic information – Services
ISO/TR 19120:2001 Geographic information – Functional standards
ISO/TR 19121:2000 Geographic information – Imagery and gridded data
ISO/TR 19122:2004 Geographic information / Geomatics – Qualification and certification of personnel
ISO 19123:2005 Geographic information – Schema for coverage geometry and functions
ISO 19125 Geographic information – Simple feature access
ISO 19126:2009 Geographic information – Feature concept dictionaries and registers
ISO/TS 19127:2005 Geographic information – Geodetic codes and parameters
ISO 19128:2005 Geographic information – Web map server interface
ISO/TS 19129:2009 Geographic information – Imagery, gridded and coverage data framework
ISO/TS 19130:2010 Geographic information – Imagery sensor models for geopositioning
ISO/TS 19130-2:2014 Part 2: SAR, InSAR, lidar and sonar
ISO 19131:2007 Geographic information – Data product specifications
ISO 19132:2007 Geographic information – Location-based services – Reference model
ISO 19133:2005 Geographic information – Location-based services – Tracking and navigation
ISO 19134:2007 Geographic information – Location-based services – Multimodal routing and navigation
ISO 19135 Geographic information – Procedures for item registration
ISO 19135-1:2015 Part 1: Fundamentals
ISO/TS 19135-2:2012 Part 2: XML schema implementation
ISO 19136:2007 Geographic information – Geography Markup Language (GML)
ISO 19136-2:2015 Part 2: Extended schemas and encoding rules
ISO 19137:2007 Geographic information – Core profile of the spatial schema
ISO/TS 19138:2006 Geographic information – Data quality measures [Withdrawn: replaced by ISO 19157:2013]
ISO/TS 19139:2007 Geographic information – Metadata – XML schema implementation
ISO/TS 19139-2:2012 Part 2: Extensions for imagery and gridded data
ISO 19141:2008 Geographic information – Schema for moving features
ISO 19142:2010 Geographic information – Web Feature Service
ISO 19143:2010 Geographic information – Filter encoding
ISO 19144 Geographic information – Classification systems
ISO 19144-1:2009 Part 1: Classification system structure
ISO 19144-2:2012 Part 2: Land Cover Meta Language (LCML)
ISO 19145:2013 Geographic information – Registry of representations of geographic point location
ISO 19146:2010 Geographic information – Cross-domain vocabularies
ISO 19147:2015 Geographic information – Transfer Nodes
ISO 19148:2012 Geographic information – Linear referencing
ISO 19149:2011 Geographic information – Rights expression language for geographic information - GeoREL
ISO 19150 Geographic information – Ontology
ISO/TS 19150-1:2012 Part 1: Framework
ISO 19150-2:2015 Part 2: Rules for developing ontologies in the Web Ontology Language (OWL)
ISO 19152:2012 Geographic information – Land Administration Domain Model (LADM)
ISO 19153:2014 Geospatial Digital Rights Management Reference Model (GeoDRM RM)
ISO 19154:2014 Geographic information – Ubiquitous public access – Reference model
ISO 19155:2012 Geographic information – Place Identifier (PI) architecture
ISO 19155-2:2017 Part 2: Place Identifier (PI) linking
ISO 19156 Geographic information - Observations and measurements
ISO 19157:2013 Geographic information – Data quality
ISO/TS 19157-2:2016 Part 2: XML schema implementation
ISO/TS 19158:2012 Geographic information – Quality assurance of data supply
ISO/TS 19159 Geographic information – Calibration and validation of remote sensing imagery sensors and data
ISO/TS 19159-1:2014 Part 1: Optical sensors
ISO/TS 19159-2:2016 Part 2: Lidar
ISO 19160 Addressing
ISO 19160-1:2015 Part 1: Conceptual model
ISO 19162:2015 Geographic information – Well-known text representation of coordinate reference systems
ISO/TS 19163 Geographic information – Content components and encoding rules for imagery and gridded data
ISO/TS 19163-1:2016 Part 1: Content model
ISO/TR 19201:2013 Mechanical vibration – Methodology for selecting appropriate machinery vibration standards
ISO 19204:2017 Soil quality - Procedure for site-specific ecological risk assessment of soil contamination (soil quality TRIAD approach)
ISO 19213:2017 Implants for surgery – Test methods of material for use as a cortical bone model
ISO/IEC TS 19216:2018 Programming Languages – C++ Extensions for Networking
ISO/IEC TS 19217:2015 Information technology - Programming languages - C++ Extensions for concepts
ISO/TS 19218 Medical devices – Hierarchical coding structure for adverse events
ISO/TS 19218-1:2011 Part 1: Event-type codes
ISO/TS 19218-2:2012 Part 2: Evaluation codes
ISO/TR 19231:2014 Health informatics – Survey of mHealth projects in low and middle income countries (LMIC)
ISO 19233 Implants for surgery – Orthopaedic joint prosthesis
ISO 19233-1:2017 Part 1: Procedure for producing parametric 3D bone models from CT data of the knee
ISO/TR 19234:2016 Hydrometry – Low cost baffle solution to aid fish passage at triangular profile weirs that conform to ISO 4360
ISO 19238:2014 Radiological protection - Performance criteria for service laboratories performing biological dosimetry by cytogenetics
ISO/TR 19244:2014 Guidance on transition periods for standards developed by ISO/TC 84 – Devices for administration of medicinal products and catheters
ISO 19250:2010 Water quality – Detection of Salmonella spp.
ISO/TS 19256:2016 Health informatics – Requirements for medicinal product dictionary systems for health care
ISO 19262:2015 Photography - Archiving Systems - Vocabulary
ISO/TR 19263 Photography - Archiving systems
ISO/TR 19263-1:2017 Part 1: Best practices for digital image capture of cultural heritage material
ISO/TS 19264 Photography - Archiving systems - Image quality analysis
ISO/TS 19264-1:2017 Part 1: Reflective originals
ISO 19289:2015 Air quality – Meteorology – Siting classifications for surface observing stations on land
ISO/TS 19299:2015 Electronic fee collection – Security framework
ISO/TR 19300:2015 Graphic technology – Guidelines for the use of standards for print media production
ISO/TS 19321:2015 Intelligent transport systems – Cooperative ITS – Dictionary of in-vehicle information (IVI) data structures
ISO/TS 19337:2016 Nanotechnologies – Characteristics of working suspensions of nano-objects for in vitro assays to evaluate inherent nano-object toxicity
ISO 19343:2017 Microbiology of the food chain – Detection and quantification of histamine in fish and fishery products – HPLC method
ISO 19361:2017 Measurement of radioactivity - Determination of beta emitters activities - Test method using liquid scintillation counting
ISO/IEC 19369:2014 Information technology – Telecommunications and information exchange between systems – NFCIP-2 test methods
ISO/IEC 19395:2015 Information technology - Sustainability for and by information technology - Smart data centre resource monitoring and control
ISO 19403 Paints and varnishes – Wettability
ISO 19403-1:2017 Part 1: Terminology and general principles
ISO 19403-2:2017 Part 2: Determination of the surface free energy of solid surfaces by measuring the contact angle
ISO 19403-3:2017 Part 3: Determination of the surface tension of liquids using the pendant drop method
ISO 19403-4:2017 Part 4: Determination of the polar and dispersive fractions of the surface tension of liquids from an interfacial tension
ISO 19403-5:2017 Part 5: Determination of the polar and dispersive fractions of the surface tension of liquids from contact angles measurements on a solid with only a disperse contribution to its surface energy
ISO 19403-6:2017 Part 6: Measurement of dynamic contact angle
ISO 19403-7:2017 Part 7: Measurement of the contact angle on a tilt stage (roll-off angle)
ISO/TS 19408:2015 Footwear – Sizing – Vocabulary and terminology
ISO 19439 Enterprise integration – Framework for enterprise modelling
ISO 19440 Enterprise integration – Constructs for enterprise modelling
ISO 19443:2018 Quality management in the supply chain for the Nuclear industry, based on ISO9001, to optimize safety and quality in supplying products and services (ITNS)
ISO 19444 Document management - XML Forms Data Format
ISO 19444-1:2016 Part 1: Use of ISO 32000-2 (XFDF 3.0)
ISO 19445:2016 Graphic technology - Metadata for graphic arts workflow - XMP metadata for image and document proofing
ISO/IEC TR 19446:2015 Differences between the driving licences based on the ISO/IEC 18013 series and the European Union specifications
ISO/IEC 19459:2001 Information technology – Telecommunications and information exchange between systems – Private Integrated Services Network – Specification, functional model and information flows – Single Step Call Transfer Supplementary Service
ISO/IEC 19460:2003 Information technology – Telecommunications and information exchange between systems – Private Integrated Services Network – Inter-exchange signalling protocol – Single Step Call Transfer supplementary service
ISO/IEC 19464:2014 Information technology – Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) v1.0 specification
ISO 19465:2017 Traditional Chinese medicine - Categories of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical terminological systems
ISO 19467:2017 Thermal performance of windows and doors - Determination of solar heat gain coefficient using solar simulator
ISO/CIE 19476:2014 Characterization of the performance of illuminance meters and luminance meters
ISO/TR 19480:2005 Polyethylene pipes and fittings for the supply of gaseous fuels or water – Training and assessment of fusion operators
ISO 19496 Vitreous and porcelain enamels - Terminology
ISO 19496-1:2017 Part 1: Terms and definitions
ISO 19496-2:2017 Part 2: Visual representations and descriptions
ISO/TR 19498:2015 Ophthalmic optics and instruments – Correlation of optotypes
ISO/IEC 19500 Information technology - Object Management Group - Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)
ISO/IEC 19500-1:2012 Part 1: Interfaces
ISO/IEC 19500-2:2012 Part 2: Interoperability
ISO/IEC 19500-3:2012 Part 3: Components
ISO/IEC 19501 Information technology – Open Distributed Processing – Unified Modeling Language (UML) Version 1.4.2
ISO/IEC 19502 Information technology – Meta Object Facility (MOF)
ISO/IEC 19503 Information technology – XML Metadata Interchange (XMI)
ISO/IEC 19505 Information technology - Object Management Group Unified Modeling Language (OMG UML)
ISO/IEC 19505-1:2012 Part 1: Infrastructure
ISO/IEC 19505-2:2012 Part 2: Superstructure
ISO/IEC 19506:2012 Information technology—Object Management Group Architecture-Driven Modernization (ADM) - Knowledge Discovery Meta-Model (KDM)
ISO/IEC 19507:2012 Information technology - Object Management Group Object Constraint Language (OCL)
ISO/IEC 19508:2014 Information technology - Object Management Group Meta Object Facility (MOF) Core
ISO/IEC 19509:2014 Information technology - Object Management Group XML Metadata Interchange (XMI)
ISO/IEC 19510:2013 Information technology - Object Management Group Business Process Model and Notation
ISO/IEC 19514:2017 Information technology - Object management group systems modeling language (OMG SysML)
ISO/IEC 19516:2020 Information technology — Object management group — Interface definition language (IDL) 4.2
ISO/IEC TR 19566 Information technology - JPEG Systems
ISO/IEC TR 19566-1:2016 Part 1: Packaging of information using codestreams and file formats
ISO/IEC TR 19566-2:2016 Part 2: Transport mechanisms and packaging
ISO/IEC TS 19568:2017 Programming Languages - C++ Extensions for Library Fundamentals
ISO/IEC TS 19570:2018 Programming Languages – Technical Specification for C++ Extensions for Parallelism
ISO/IEC TS 19571:2016 Programming Languages - Technical specification for C++ extensions for concurrency
ISO/TS 19590:2017 Nanotechnologies – Size distribution and concentration of inorganic nanoparticles in aqueous media via single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
ISO/IEC 19592 Information technology - Security techniques - Secret sharing
ISO/IEC 19592-1:2016 Part 1: General
ISO 19600 Compliance management systems - Guidelines
ISO/TR 19601:2017 Nanotechnologies – Aerosol generation for air exposure studies of nano-objects and their aggregates and agglomerates (NOAA)
ISO 19611:2017 Traditional Chinese medicine – Air extraction cupping device
ISO 19614:2017 Traditional Chinese medicine – Pulse graph force transducer
ISO/IEC 19637:2016 Information technology – Sensor network testing framework
ISO/TR 19639:2015 Electronic fee collection – Investigation of EFC standards for common payment schemes for multi-modal transport services
ISO 19649:2017 Mobile robots - Vocabulary
ISO/TR 19664:2017 Human response to vibration – Guidance and terminology for instrumentation and equipment for the assessment of daily vibration exposure at the workplace according to the requirements of health and safety
ISO/IEC 19678:2015 Information Technology - BIOS Protection Guidelines
ISO 19709 Transport packaging - Small load container systems
ISO 19709-1:2016 Part 1: Common requirements and test methods
ISO/TS 19709-2:2016 Part 2: Column Stackable System (CSS)
ISO/TS 19709-3:2016 Part 3: Bond Stackable System (BSS)
ISO/TR 19716:2016 Nanotechnologies – Characterization of cellulose nanocrystals
ISO 19719:2010 Machine tools - Work holding chucks - Vocabulary
ISO 19720 Building construction machinery and equipment – Plants for the preparation of concrete and mortar
ISO 19720-1:2017 Part 1: Terminology and commercial specifications
ISO/TR 19727:2017 Medical devices – Pump tube spallation test – General procedure
ISO 19731:2017 Digital analytics and web analyses for purposes of market, opinion and social research - Vocabulary and service requirements
ISO/IEC 19752 Information technology – Method for the determination of toner cartridge yield for monochromatic electrophotographic printers and multi-function devices that contain printer components
ISO/IEC TR 19755:2003 Information technology - Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces - Object finalization for programming language COBOL
ISO/IEC 19756:2011 Information technology - Topic Maps - Constraint Language (TMCL)
ISO/IEC 19757 Information technology – Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL)
ISO/IEC 19757-2:2008 Part 2: Regular-grammar-based validation – RELAX NG
ISO/IEC 19757-3:2016 Part 3: Rule-based validation – Schematron
ISO/IEC 19757-4:2006 Part 4: Namespace-based Validation Dispatching Language (NVDL)
ISO/IEC 19757-5:2011 Part 5: Extensible Datatypes
ISO/IEC 19757-7:2009 Part 7: Character Repertoire Description Language (CREPDL)
ISO/IEC 19757-8:2008 Part 8: Document Semantics Renaming Language (DSRL)
ISO/IEC 19757-11:2011 Part 11: Schema association
ISO/IEC TR 19758:2003 Information technology - Document description and processing languages - DSSSL library for complex compositions
ISO/IEC TR 19759:2015 Software Engineering - Guide to the software engineering body of knowledge (SWEBOK)
ISO/IEC 19761:2011 Software engineering - COSMIC: a functional size measurement method
ISO/IEC 19762:2016 Information technology - Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques - Harmonized vocabulary
ISO/IEC 19763 Information technology - Metamodel framework for interoperability (MFI)
ISO/IEC 19763-1:2015 Part 1: Framework
ISO/IEC 19763-3:2010 Part 3: Metamodel for ontology registration
ISO/IEC 19763-5:2015 Part 5: Metamodel for process model registration
ISO/IEC 19763-6:2015 Part 6: Registry Summary
ISO/IEC 19763-7:2015 Part 7: Metamodel for service model registration
ISO/IEC 19763-8:2015 Part 8: Metamodel for role and goal model registration
ISO/IEC TR 19763-9:2015 Part 9: On demand model selection
ISO/IEC 19763-10:2014 Part 10: Core model and basic mapping
ISO/IEC 19763-12:2015 Part 12: Metamodel for information model registration
ISO/IEC TS 19763-13:2016 Part 13: Metamodel for form design registration
ISO/IEC TR 19764:2005 Information technology – Guidelines, methodology and reference criteria for cultural and linguistic adaptability in information technology products
ISO/IEC TR 19768:2007 Information technology - Programming languages - Technical Report on C++ Library Extensions
ISO/IEC 19770 Information technology – Software asset management
ISO/IEC 19772:2009 Information technology - Security techniques - Authenticated encryption
ISO/IEC 19773:2011 Information technology - Metadata Registries (MDR) modules
ISO/IEC 19774:2006 Information technology - Computer graphics and image processing - Humanoid Animation (H-Anim)
ISO/IEC 19775 Information technology—Computer graphics, image processing and environmental data representation—Extensible 3D (X3D)
ISO/IEC 19775-1:2013 Part 1: Architecture and base components
ISO/IEC 19775-2:2015 Part 2: Scene access interface (SAI)
ISO/IEC 19776 Information technology - Computer graphics, image processing and environmental data representation - Extensible 3D (X3D) encodings
ISO/IEC 19776-1:2015 Part 1: Extensible Markup Language (XML) encoding
ISO/IEC 19776-2:2015 Part 2: Classic VRML encoding
ISO/IEC 19776-3:2015 Part 3: Compressed binary encoding
ISO/IEC 19777 Information technology - Computer graphics and image processing - Extensible 3D (X3D) language bindings
ISO/IEC 19777-1:2006 Part 1: ECMAScript
ISO/IEC 19777-2:2006 Part 2: Java
ISO/IEC 19778 Information technology - Learning, education and training - Collaborative technology - Collaborative workplace
ISO/IEC 19778-1:2015 Part 1: Collaborative workplace data model
ISO/IEC 19778-2:2015 Part 2: Collaborative environment data model
ISO/IEC 19778-3:2015 Part 3: Collaborative group data model
ISO/IEC 19780 Information technology - Learning, education and training - Collaborative technology - Collaborative learning communication
ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015 Part 1: Text-based communication
ISO/IEC TR 19782:2006 Information technology - Automatic identification and data capture techniques - Effects of gloss and low substrate opacity on reading of bar code symbols
ISO/IEC 19784 Information technology – Biometric application programming interface
ISO/IEC 19784-1:2006 Part 1: BioAPI specification
ISO/IEC 19784-2:2007 Part 2: Biometric archive function provider interface
ISO/IEC 19784-4:2011 Part 4: Biometric sensor function provider interface
ISO/IEC 19785 Information technology – Common Biometric Exchange Formats Framework
ISO/IEC 19785-1:2015 Part 1: Data element specification
ISO/IEC 19785-2:2006 Part 2: Procedures for the operation of the Biometric Registration Authority
ISO/IEC 19785-3:2015 Part 3: Patron format specifications
ISO/IEC 19785-4:2010 Part 4: Security block format specifications
ISO/IEC 19788 Information technology – Learning, education and training – Metadata for learning resources
ISO/IEC 19790:2012 Information technology – Security techniques – Security requirements for cryptographic modules
ISO/IEC TR 19791:2010 Information technology - Security techniques - Security assessment of operational systems
ISO/IEC 19792:2009 Information technology - Security techniques - Security evaluation of biometrics
ISO/IEC 19793 Information technology - Open Distributed Processing—Use of UML for ODP system specifications
ISO/IEC 19794 Information technology – Biometric data interchange formats
ISO/IEC 19794-1:2011 Part 1: Framework
ISO/IEC 19794-2:2011 Part 2: Finger minutiae data
ISO/IEC 19794-3:2006 Part 3: Finger pattern spectral data
ISO/IEC 19794-4:2011 Part 4: Finger image data
ISO/IEC 19794-5:2011 Part 5: Face image data
ISO/IEC 19794-6:2011 Part 6: Iris image data
ISO/IEC 19794-7:2014 Part 7: Signature/sign time series data
ISO/IEC 19794-8:2011 Part 8: Finger pattern skeletal data
ISO/IEC 19794-9:2011 Part 9: Vascular image data
ISO/IEC 19794-10:2007 Part 10: Hand geometry silhouette data
ISO/IEC 19794-11:2013 Part 11: Signature/sign processed dynamic data
ISO/IEC 19794-14:2013 Part 14: DNA data
ISO/IEC 19794-15:2017 Part 15: Palm crease image data
ISO/IEC 19795 Information technology – Biometric performance testing and reporting
ISO/IEC 19795-1:2006 Part 1: Principles and framework
ISO/IEC 19795-2:2007 Part 2: Testing methodologies for technology and scenario evaluation
ISO/IEC TR 19795-3:2007 Part 3: Modality-specific testing
ISO/IEC 19795-4:2008 Part 4: Interoperability performance testing
ISO/IEC 19795-5:2011 Part 5: Access control scenario and grading scheme
ISO/IEC 19795-6:2012 Part 6: Testing methodologies for operational evaluation
ISO/IEC 19795-7:2011 Part 7: Testing of on-card biometric comparison algorithms
ISO/IEC 19796 Information technology - Learning, education and training - Quality management, assurance and metrics
ISO/IEC 19796-1:2005 Part 1: General approach
ISO/IEC 19796-3:2009 Part 3: Reference methods and metrics
ISO/TR 19814:2017 Information and documentation - Collections management for archives and libraries
ISO/IEC 19831:2015 Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface (CIMI) Model and RESTful HTTP-based Protocol – An Interface for Managing Cloud Infrastructure
ISO/TR 19838:2016 Microbiology – Cosmetics – Guidelines for the application of ISO standards on Cosmetic Microbiology
ISO/IEC TS 19841:2015 Technical Specification for C++ Extensions for Transactional Memory
ISO/TS 19844:2016 Health informatics – Identification of medicinal products – Implementation guidelines for data elements and structures for the unique identification and exchange of regulated information on substances
ISO/IEC 19845:2015 Information technology - Universal business language version 2.1 (UBL v2.1)
ISO 19859:2016 Gas turbine applications – Requirements for power generation
ISO 19891 Ships and marine technology - Specifications for gas detectors intended for use on board ships
ISO 19891-1:2017 Part 1: Portable gas detectors for atmosphere testing of enclosed spaces
ISO/TR 19948:2016 Earth-moving machinery – Conformity assessment and certification process
ISO 19952:2005 Footwear – Vocabulary
ISO/TS 19979:2014 Ophthalmic optics – Contact lenses – Hygienic management of multipatient use trial contact lenses
ISO 19980:2012 Ophthalmic instruments – Corneal topographers
ISO/IEC 19987:2015 Information technology - EPC Information services - Specification
ISO/IEC 19988:2015 Information technology - GS1 Core Business Vocabulary (CBV)
ISO 19993 Timber structures—Glued laminated timber—Face and edge joint cleavage test
Notes References External links
International Organization for Standardization
ISO Certification Provider ISO Consultant |
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INTERNSHIP REPORT...LOWERPAREL CARRIAGE WORKSHOP
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INTERNSHIP REPORT...LOWERPAREL CARRIAGE WORKSHOP
1. 1 INDIAN RAILWAYS INTRODUCTION Indian railway
is a central-owned railway company, responsible for rail transport in India. It comes
under the government of India through the ministry of railways. It is one of the words largest and
biggest railway networks transporting over 8.101 billion passengers annually or more than 22
million passengers a day and 1.107 tons in the year. It is the world’s 7th largest commercial
employer, by number of employees, with over1.376 million employees. It operates rail transport
on 115000km of track over a route of 67312km and 7112 stations. IR’s rolling stock comprises
over 245267 vegans, 66392 passenger coaches and 10499 locomotives.
As of 31 marches 2016, 27999km of the total 67312km route Len got was electrified. Since
1960, almost all electrified sections on IR use 25000V AC traction through overhead category of
HISTORY
The history of rail transport in India began in the mid-19th century. The core of the passenger of
building railways came from London in 1848; there was not a single km of railway line in India.
The country’s first railway build by Peninsula railway open in 1853, between Bombay and
thane
the East Indian Railway Company was established in 1845 London. The great southern India
railway company was subsequently merged with the Carnatic railway company.
By 1875, about rupees95 million were invested by British company in India by1880 the network
had a route millage of about 14500km, mostly radiating inward from the 3 major port cities of
Bombay, madras and Calcutta. In 1900 the GIPR become a government owned company. In
1905, an early railway board was constituted, but the powers vested under load Curzon
1: LHB COACH
Till recently, Indian Railways have been transporting passenger traffic mainly through coaches of
ICF design. These coaches are being manufactured at ICF and RCF. A limited number of these
coaches are being manufactured at BEML/Bangalore also. These type of coaches are having
limitations in terms of
i) Speedpotential; ii) Heavycorrosion; iii) Poor ridingcomfort;
iv) Wearing of parts in the undergear;
To overcome these limitations, Indian Railways entered into supply and technology transfer
contracts with M/s. ALSTOM LHB/Germany to initially supply 24 coaches consisting of 19. AC
chair cars, 2 AC Executive Class Chair cars and 3 Generator cum Brake vans. The bogies for these
coaches are manufactured by M/s. FIAT/SIG Switzerland. These coaches arrived in India and got
commissioned in the year 2001 and put in service on route. These type of coaches are far superior
w.r.t. passenger comfort, safety, speed, corrosion, maintenance and aesthetics in appearance. These
2. 2 coaches are also
longer as compared to ICF design resulting into more carrying capacity. The
expected benefits from these type of coaches are asunder:-
i Higher carrying capacity - These coaches are about 2 meters longer than ICF
coaches. With this extra length two additional rows of chairs in chair cars or one
additional bay in sleeper coaches can beaccommodated.
ii The weight of LHB coach is lesser as compared to ICF design coaches. LHB
coach can accommodate 72 passengers as compared to 64 in conventional AC III
Tier Coach. Thus giving better pay to tierratio.
iii Low corrosion – There will be low corrosion of LHB coaches due to extensive
usage of Stainless Steel and better design and manufacturingtechniques.
iv Low Maintenance – Replacement and removal of sub-systems will be required
only after one million kilometers.
There are no doors handles projecting outside the coach thus mechanized car washing
is facilitated.
LHB Coaches have aesthetically superior interiors with FRP panels for side
wall and roof. They can be removed easily for maintenance, resist water seepage
and are wear resistant;
v There are no visible screws inside the passengercompartment.
vi Better passenger comfort: Ride Index of 2.5 (Not exceeding 2.75) has been
specified as compared to in conventional ICFcoaches.
vii LHB coach offers better passenger safetydue.
Use of fire retardant materialsforfurnishing.
Provision of emergency openable windows.
Vertically interlocked. Centre Buffercouplers.
xi LHB coach offers better passenger amenities:
3. 3 More space forpantry; Individual
reading light in chaircar;
Ergonomically designed chairs with reclining backrest|~|
Important Parameters of LHB Coaches
Overall dimensions of coach
Gauge 1676 mm
Lengthover body 23540 mm
Lengthoverbuffer 24000 mm Heightoverroof 4039 mm
Maximum width overbody 3240 mm
Maximum distance betweeninnerwheels 12345 mm
Window opening 1180x760mm
Distance betweencentre pivots 14900 mm
Height of compartment floor fromraillevel 1303 mm
Under tarecondition
Maximum buffer drop undergrossload 75 mm
and wornconditions
Maximum height of centre lineofside 1105 mm
Buffers above rail level for emptyvehicle
Maximum height of centre lineofside 1030 mm
Buffers above rail level for loadedvehicle
Maximum tare weight Chaircar 39.4 t FirstAC 40.5 t SecondAC 48.4 t ThirdAC 50.6 t 4. 4 LSLR 37.9 t Wheelsmono block 915 mm
Maximum axleloadpermissible 16 tones
Numberoftoilets 3
No.ofseats 78 (2nd AC Chair car)
56 (Exe. AC Chair car)
24 (First class sleeper FAC)
52 (Two tier AC sleeper AC2T)
72 (Three tier AC sleeper AC3T)
Higherspeedpotential 180 Kmph up gradable to200
Ride index ofcoach 2.5 at 160 Kmph but not>2.75
VARIOUS PARTS OF THE LHB RAKE
WHEEL AND AXLEASSEMBLY
This is the part of a rake which is just adjacent to the tracks. It basically consists of four main
parts. a) Wheel b) Axle c) Bearing andHousing WHEEL
Wheel of a rake is a specifically made cylindrical portion having an outer edge shape to fit in the
railway track. The material isstainless steel.
5. 5 Axle AXLE Axle is the
main long cylindrical bar on which wheels are fixed with the help of bearings. This is
also made of stainless steel as above. Each axle contains 2 wheels, the brake cylinders are also
attached to it and in case of LHB coaches, the braking discs are fixed on to the axle.
COMPONENTS OF WHEEL AND AXLEASSEMBLY
Two brake disks (4), diameter 640 mm and
width 110mm.
In built slack adjusting brakecylinder
fitted 6. 6 Axle Bearings A taper
roller cartridge type bearing is used and it makes up a preassembled unit. The axle bearings
on the bogie are fitted with sensors for detecting speed (whose signal is elaborated by the ant
slipping system) and a current return device.
The ends of the control arms are fitted with centering devices for the primary suspension spring
assembly. The bearing lubricating plug is fitted in the lowerpart.
1. Doublecup 2. Sealingsystem 3. Backingrin 7. 7 BOGIE The FIAT Bogie
is two-axle type, with a primary and a secondary suspension. The bogie assembly
is shown in fig. 1-1. The Salient features of FIAT Bogie are:
Solid welded Bogie Frame made up of two longitudinal components connected by two cross
beams. The bogie frame rests on the primary suspension spring units and supports the vehicle body
by means of Bolster beam. The Bolster beam is connected to the bogie frame by
secondarysuspension.
Primary suspension consist of two steel coil springs (internal/external) laid out on the Control
Arm upperpart.
Secondary suspension consists of two spring packs which sustain the bolster beam over the
bogie frame. Each spring pack is made up by an internal and external spring. An Anti roll bar fitted
on the bogie frame realizes a constant, reduced inclination coefficient during running. The bogie
frame is linked to the bolster beam through two vertical dampers, a lateral damper, four safety
cables and the traction rods. The bogie frame is linked to the coach body through two yawdampers.
Traction Centre - The traction Centre transmits traction and braking forces between bogie frame
and body by a traction lever on the bolster beam pin and two rods.
Disk Brakes – The FIAT bogie is fitted with pneumatic disk brakes. The pneumatically operated
brake cylinders are fitted with automatic device for taking up theclearances.
Taper Roller Cartridge Bearing – Fiat Bogie is fitted with 130 mm Cartridge type
rollerbearings Bogieframe
The bogie frame is a solid welded frame made by steel sheets and forged or castparts.
The frame is made up of two longitudinal components (1) connected by two cross- beams (2) which
also support the brake units. The various supports which connect the different bogie components are
welded to the frame. The bogie frame rests on the primary suspension spring units and supports the
vehicle body by means of a bolster beam. The bolster beam is connected to the bogie frame by the
secondarysuspension.
1. Bogieframelongitudinalcomponent, 2. Cross-beam
8. 8 Primarysuspension Primary suspension is
implemented by two units (see FIG. 4-3) of two steel coil springs (internal (4)
and external (5)) laid out on the control arm upper part (13) by a centering disk (8) and adjustment
shims, (if required).The suspension is also completed by the following components:
A control arm (13), fitted with twin-layer elastic joints (12), connecting the axle bearing to the
bogie frame and transmitting, not stiffly, lateral, longitudinal and part of the verticalforces;
A vertical damper(14).
Rubber elements (2) separate the primary suspension from the bogie to realize noise reduction.Stops
and protections are mounted on the bogie frame for the lifting.
1. Bogieframe 2. Rubber disks 3. Centeringdisk 4. Internalspring 5. Externalspring 6. Bumpstop 7. Shim 8. Centeringdisk
9. Control Arm LowerPart
10. Plate 11. Block 12. Rubber joint
13. Control Arm UpperPart
14. Damper 9. 9 Secondary suspension The secondary
suspension enables lateral and vertical displacements and bogie rotation with respect
to body when running through curves.
It is implemented by two spring packs (A, FIG. 4-4) which sustain the bolster beam (1) over the
bogie frame (6). Each spring pack is made up by an internal (3) and an external spring (4), mounted
and positioned through the centering discs (5).
An anti-roll bar (2), fitted on the bogie frame (6), realizes a constant, reduced inclination coefficient
duringrunning.
The bogie frame is linked to the bolster beam through two vertical dampers (7), a lateral damper
(8), four safety cables (9) and the traction rods(10).
The bogie frame is also linked to the coach body through two yaw dampers (11).
1. Bolsterbeam 2. Anti- rollbar 3. Internalspring 4. Externalspring 5. Centringdisk 6. Bogieframe 7. Verticaldamper 8. Lateraldamper 9. Safetycables 10. Tractionrod 11. Yaw damper 10. 10 Cross Bar:- Cross
bar is the connection between the two ends of the trolley which also maintains the
uniform distribution of the hauling force to all wheels to ensure equal velocity.
Bolster Assembly:- Bolster assembly is the hostof the secondary suspension system.
In other words it is like two interconnected housing forsprings.
It also connects trolley and the body of the rake.
The main function of bolster assembly is to transform the hauling force and the raking force form
body to wheel and from wheel to body respectively.
Draw and Buffing Gear Assembly:- Draw and buffing gears are attached to the end of one coach
and this two gear mechanisms are made to suit two adjacent coaches into an uniform continuous
movement. They also transform the hauling force from main engine to the following rake, draw
gear is specialized for these purpose, where as the buffing gears are essential for maintaining a
vibration less motion of a coach with respect to its former one.
We have two different arrangements of draw and buffing gear assembly in ICF and LHB
coaches. They are-
Screw couplingand the side buffers serves the aforesaid purpose in case of the draw and buffing
gears respectively in case of ICF coaches. Screw coupling not only gives the boost but also let two
coaches to connect in the formation of a continuous rake. The two jaws of the screw on both sides
are guarded with spring and rubber to minimize the vibration the hauling force produces. They are
called the DRAFT GEARS.
Side buffersare uniquely shaped buffers. They have a flat plate made of stainless steel and duly
lubricated in contact to each other facing each other in motion. They are also guarded with the iron
plated and spring and rubber to minimize the vibration as much as possible.
For LHB coaches we have a multipurpose serving coupling between the two coaches. It is
called in technical terms the Center Buffer Coupling. It has got a special locking system
operated by a handle.
SIDEBUFFERS PRIMARY SUSPENSIONUNIT 11. 11 SHELL The body shell
is of integral light weight construction consisting of separate assembly group for
under frame, side wall, roof and end wall. The individual assemblies are joint to each other by
welding. Three types of steel are used for manufacture of body shell.
Shell Assemblies Steels used and their
%age compositions UTS N/mm2 Yield Stress N/mm2
Side wall, End wall
and Roof structure
X2 Cr8 Ferritic Steel
(SS 409M)
( C< .03%, Cr 10-12%,
Si 1%, Mn 1.5%)
450-600 320 Roof sheet and Trough floor
X5 CrNi 18 10
Austenitic Steel (SS 304)
( C< .07%, Cr 18%, Ni
10 % Si 1%, Mn 2%)
700-850 235 Under frame
IRS M-41 / Corten Steel
( C < .01%, Cr .35 -
.6%, Ni .2 - .4%
Cu .3 - .6% Si .3 - .7%,
Mn .25%) 440-480 320 12. 12 BODY Body is basically
the coach itself without the braking mechanisms and suspensions. It Has the
following constituents. They are discussed below:
a) The Carriageis the main structure of the coach. This contains a floor which
iscalledTurf. There are Arch Leverswhich maintain the weight distribution
throughout the whole coach. And then there is the roof which is of a typical aero
dynamicalshape.
b) At the bottom of the carriage there are two kind of bars made of stainless steelwhich
transfers the weight from the carriage to thewheels.
The Sole Baris throughout the whole body of the coach vertically. These are at the
bottommost position of the body.
The Cross Bar is the horizontally arranged bars across the body. They get their support
from the sole bar.
CENTER PIVOT ASSEMBLY
Center Pivot is welded to the upper bolster
plank and passes through the supporting
frame which is rectangular in shape. This is
a pivoting system used in transportation of
force through a mechanically advantageous
system of pivot. At the bottom of the center
pivot there is a traction lever. A traction rod
is also connected at the end of traction lever
having its other end connected with the
cross bar.
Body-Bogieconnection : - Specially in case of the LHB Coaches, there are a specialkind of
bolts called swing bolts, which are four numbered in each trolley. These connect the body to
the bogie to the body. Each bolt is fastened with a pin which can swing in the direction of the
motion 13. 13 THE TRANSMISSION OF HAULING FORCE
The transmission of hauling force is an important observation phenomenon of the running of rakes
with engines. It is done through a number of ways and each way consists of a number of steps.
CENTERPIVOT:- Hauling force is first transmitted to the Screw Couplingswhich
are connected at the front of a coach. From there the force is transmittedto
the draft gear then to the crossbar, to the sole bar, all the way to the bolster assembly
through swing bolts. Then due to this the swing bolt moves forward and so does the
traction lever and the traction rod. So the crossbar moves forward and the wheels start
rolling.
LONGITUDINAL BUMPSTOP:- There is another way of transmission of hauling force from
the center pivot which is through the longitudinal bumstop. This is partly cubical in shape attached
at the front of pivot assembly. When pivot moves forward it also moves covering up the little gap
between the frame and the bumstop. Throughthe supporting frame it goes to thecrossbar.
ARTICULATEDCONTROLARM:- The articulated control arm is a direct
connection between the body and the bogie. Through this the force is directly givento thebearings.
Transmission of braking force has the opposite way of this.
14. 14 2: ICF COACH ICF
Coaches - IRS coaches were heavy and used to suffer extensive damage in collision / accident
resulting in heavy passenger casualties. Integral design was developed in late 30s in Switzerland by
M/s Swiss Car and Elevator Mfg. Ltd. Schiliren This could be visualized as a large hollow tube placed
on wheels. Extensive use of advanced welding technology for sheet welding was made use of. Indian
Railway obtained collaboration with this firm and set up the coach factory at Perambur, Madras in
1950s. The concept of separate coach body and under frame gave way to one piece single shell
construction.ICF shell - The shell consists of pressed steel section welded together with sheet covering.
The skeleton of the shell consists of a series of hoops each consisting of floor cross beam, body side
pillars and roof carlines. The sole bar, waist rail , light rail, cant rail and roof pur lines hold these hoops
together . This is covered by roof sheet on top, side panels on sides and corrugated trough floor.
The trough floor offers considerable resistance to longitudinal crushing loads, but cannot take high
vertical load. On each end, specially designed head stock with compression/destruction tubes are
welded. These tubes when subjected to collision shock, get deformed absorbing most of energy hence
reducing theadverse effect of impact.. Body bolsters are welded on bottom side of trough floor.
The coach ends consist of 4 vertical stanchions box section, transversely connected by Z sections and
are welded to the head stock. Collision impact is first received by end stanchions which absorb a large
part of it. The residual shock is absorbed by deformation of compression/destruction tubes. These
features make ICF coaches anti-telescopic. The windows are made separate lyand screwed on to the
double chamber. The coaches can be provided with vestibules for passage from one coach to another in
a running train.
ICF Bogie - The bogie frame is made from sections welded together. The axlesare located on bogie by
telescopic dash pots and axle guide assemblies. Helicalsprings are used in both primary and
secondary suspensions. The axle guideprovides damping across primary suspension and vertical
shock absorberacross secondary suspension. Rubber pad vibration isolation is also providedin
primary suspension. Weight is transferred through side bearers. Coach/Bogie pivot only acts as
centering device and transmits tractive/brakingforces. Lateral shock absorbers are provided to dampen
lateral vibrations 15. 15 Furnishing - Following
are important features of furnishing -
Length of seat should not be less than 6’- 6".
Width of seat should not be less than 21" for second class and 26" for first
class.
Hip width per passenger should not be less than 21".
Height of seat should be 16" from floor.
Knee space between opposite seats should not be less than 21"
Back rest should be slightly inclined.
Coding of coaching Stock - Coaches are coded as per end use and are
same for all gauges. There are a large number of codes. Details are available at
Appendix B of Conference Rules Part-IV. Important codes are :
AC AC Coach P Postal van
F First Class CD Dining Car
S Second Class CW 2 Tier
C With coupe CN 3 Tier
G Self Generating CG 3 Tier + Sitting
L Luggage R Guard
W Vestibuled Coach CB Pantry Car
Trolley is basically the separated part containing the wheel and other similar components which are
essential to run a coach. When they are attached with the body they are called the bogie. Here we are
going to discuss about the trolley parts of the ICF coaches.
1: TROLLEY FRAME:- trolley frame is the main construction of the trolleyon which the
other components rest. This is a metallic construction just like a cage having different gaps in
between to fit thecomponents.
CENTERPIVOT:- this is the centrally situated hole which will indicate the
correct position of the trolley when fitted with the body. There is a counter partof the hole
attached at the body itself to indicate the perfect position of the trolley. When assembled they
should matchperfectly.
SIDEBEARING:- Side bearing is the bearing space engulfed by lubes and a
bearing made of bronze which plays a good role in distributing the weight throughout
thetrolley.
BRAKE CYLINDER:- If we see the trolley in the direction of the motion we will see two brake
cylinders one after one which have the air supply through one outlet. These brake cylinders operate
in a critical air pressure and contains a piston which we call the slug adjuster. At that particular
pressure the piston inside thosecylinders moves and the brakes hold firm onto thewheels.
BRAKE BLOCKS:- In ICF coaches we generally use the K & L types of brake blocks. These are
16. 16 used as components
of shoe brakes attaches at wheels. These special type of blocks are used
because of their increased coefficient of frictionand also the heat absorbingcapability.
EQUILATERAL STEROD:- This is attached to the trolley symmetrically along the trolley frame
horizontally to minimize the lateral force when inmotion.
ANCHOR ROD:- These are rods attached vertically to minimize the longitudinal load.
Both of them are made of stainlesssteel.
SUSPENSION SYSTEMS:- These are anti-vibrational attachments whichare attached to the
main frame and the wheelbearing
17. 17 3: MAINTENANCE OF BEARING:
ROLLER BEARING MAINTENANCE IN WORK SHOP
Roller Bearing Maintenance Shop should be well equipped with all the tools, equipments and facilities
for careful bearing handling. It should have proper workflow for easy maintenance of roller bearings.
Clean surroundings and dust free atmosphere should be maintained in the shop. It should have adequate
equipment and facilities for cleaning, handling, dismounting/mounting, inspection, repair and storage
of roller bearings. Roller bearings are required to be inspected periodically at a pre-defined schedule in
the workshops in a Roller Bearing Maintenance Shop well equipped with all the facilities and proper
lay out. The period of maintenance specified is as follows:
Periodicity of Inspection of Roller Bearing
All roller bearings should be cleaned, inspected and re-lubricated with fresh grease during each
attention to the wheel set /bearings in the workshop.
The roller bearings should be dismounted from the wheel set during everyalternate attention in
the workshops for thorough inspection of the components,rear cover and renewal of the felt
sealing ring. The wheel bearing should however necessarily be dismounted and overhauled in
case of any warranted outof course of attention in the workshop.
Inspection of the Roller Bearing in Mounted Position in Workshops
Whenever wheel set is received in workshop during IOH of the trolley, followingprocedure should be
adopted for carrying out inspection of roller bearing inmounted position in workshops.
Inspect the axle box housing visually and look for any symptoms of greaseoozing, if grease
oozing is noticed then dismount the bearing. If not, thenfollow remaining steps mentioned
below.
Clean the exterior of axle box, front cover, axle box housing.
Remove axle box cover
Examine the grease for consistency, colour, contamination with water, foreignparticles etc.
If grease is burnt or discolorized, then remove the bearing for thoroughinvestigation & its
overhauling.
If grease is in good condition then remove old grease, clean the bearing withpressurized
kerosene spray in position.
Clearance should be measured in a mountedposition with a long feeler gauge simultaneouslyover both
the rows of roller (see fig.). Theblades of the feeler gauge should be insertedbetween the outer ring and
the unloaded rollers. While measuring the radial clearance, the rollersshould not be allowed to roll over
the blade. Theacceptable range of radial clearance for bearingin mounted position on journal for
different makes of roller bearings is given in table
18. 18 19. 19 CARTRIDGE TAPERED BEARING UNIT (CTBU/TBU):
CTBU / TBU: - As the name implies it is Cartridge Taper Roller Bearing unit being used for the
wheels of LHB coaches. On the basis of their manufacturers there are two types of CTBUs/TBUs. One
is manufactured by M/s Timken & another by M/s SKF. They are the only suppliers of CTBUs/TBUs
for Indian Railways.
Introduction of TIMKEN make CTBU:
Cartridge bearing is a self-contained, pre-assembled, pre-adjusted, pre-lubricated tapered roller bearing
nit, and is applied to and removed from the axle without exposing the bearing elements, or lubricant to
contamination or damage. This preassembled cartridge bearing reduces the no. of separate parts to be
pplied to the axle assembly to a minimum. The CTBU is designed and manufactured according to high
technical and safety attributes.
Inspection in workshops
Visual Inspection in workshops
When equipment is on repair track or in the shop for tyre turning or for other reasons. Inspect for
overheating, roughness when bearing is revolved, excessive lubricant leakage, broken, loose, or
missing parts such as axle end caps, loose bolts, loose or defective seals, cracked or broken cups, end
caps and housings. Examine the outside of the bearing for damage or distortion.
Loose or Missing Axle End Bolts
If one axle end bolt is found loose or missing, remove all of the bolts, fit new locking plates, refit all of
the bolts and tighten to the correct torque. Bend all tabs against the flats of the bolt heads. If two or
more axle end bolts of different pairs are found loose or missing, the wheel set must be removed from
the truck. Remove the end cap, if there is any evidence that the bearing is not properly seated, or if the
end play is 0.75 mm more, remove the bearing from the axle for a complete inspection to determine the
cause and possible resulting damage. Accidental Damage
Bearing assemblies involved in re-discing derailment or collision, or subject to damage by fire, floods,
or other causes, bearing must be removed from the axle, disassembled, cleaned and inspected in
accordance with instructions given in the manual .
20. 20 Inspection of Bearing in mounted position
Visually check the outside of the bearing assembly for broken, loose end cap screw,
grease oozing, any unusual sound, any missing parts or any external damage.
Check the bearing mounted end play. It should be in the range 0.025 mm to0.500
mm (for old bearings). For new bearings MEP should be within0.025 mm to
0.330 mm.
If there is any abnormality the bearing assembly should be removed from the axle.
Bearing assembly once removed should be sent for refurbishing or
21. 21 4:THE LOAD DISTRIBUTION SIDE BEARING UPPER SPRINGBEAM SECONDARY SUSPENSION SUSPENSION LINK HANGER LINK HANGER BLOCK PRIMARY SPRING AXLE BOX WING JOURNAL BEARING AXLE WHEEL 22. 22 5: AIR BRAKE SYSTEM
In Air Brake system compressed air is used for operating the brake system. The locomotive
compressor charges the feed pipe and the brake pipes throughout the length of the train. The feed
pipe is connected to the auxiliary reservoirs and the brake pipe is connected to the brake cylinders
through the distributor valve. Brake application takes place by dropping the pressure in the brake
pipe. The schematic arrangement of the brake equipment is shown as Fig.1 (For passenger coaches),
Fig.2 (For Generator coaches)
Components of Air Brake System
1. Brake Container (Brake EquipmentPanel)
2. Distributorvalve
3. Pressure Tanks (125 litres, 75 litres, 6litres)
4. Indicators
5. B.P./F.P. Couplings and Hoses
6. Emergency Brake PullBox
7. Emergency Brakevalve
8. Bogie Brake Equipment,consistingof-
BrakeDiscs
Brake Caliper Units (consisting of Brake Cylinder, Brake Calipers, Brake
Pads)
9. Wheel Slide Control System,consistingof-
Microprocessor ControlUnit Speed Sensor/Pulse Generator 23. 23 Brake Container (Brake equipment panel)
The Brake Container (Brake equipment panel) consists of a Manifold on which various devices like
the Distributor Valve, Cocks, Test fittings etc. are mounted. It also consists of the reservoirs
required for the Brake system. The container is mounted under the car body and different lines
(Feed pipe, Brake pipe, etc.) are connected to it.
Connections to the container
There are 4 connections to the container for Passenger Coach,
Feedpipe(FP) Brakepipe(BP)
Brake cylinder pressure --bogie
Auxiliary support pipe ( fortoilet)
There is an additional connection for the containers of the generator coaches,
Support for Indicating device ofhandbrake
These connections from the container to car body are provided at the back plate fitted
with Ermeto type fittings.
24. 24 Brakeapplication The driver lowers
the BP pressure by engaging the A-9 valve intheengine. This loss in
pressure is transmitted from one bogey to thenext.
Since CR pressure remains same, the main diaphragm(above the CR) movesup in response to the
pressure drop inDV.
As a result the „three pressure valve‟ opens the AR-BC port.
Thus the AR pressure of 6 kg/cm^2 flows into the BC through pressure limiters which reduces
BC pressure to3.8. Brake Release
BP pressure is again increased to 5kg/cm2.
Consequently, main diaphragm movedown and the„threepressurevalve‟closesthe AR-BC port and
opens the BC-atmport.
BC pressure is released and the brake caliper isdisengaged.
BOGIE BRAKE EQUIPMENT
The Bogie Brake equipment consists of:
BrakeCaliperUnits BrakeCylinder BrakeDiscs BrakeShoes
Each axle is equipped with two grey cast iron brake discs. The brake energy is dissipated only at the
axle mounted brake discs, so the wheel set is only stressed by the weight of the coach. The
advantage of this arrangement is that the superposition of the thermal stresses and mechanical
stresses is avoided.
The braking force is generated for each disc by a brake caliper unit, which consists of a brake
cylinder and the brake caliper, amplifying braking cylinder force depending on the lever ratio.
25. 25 BRAKE CALIPER UNITS The
brake caliper units are ready–to-use combinations of a brake caliper and brake– cylinder,
providing automatic slack adjustment for wear (abrasion) on brake pads and brake discs.
Consequently, the clearance required between the disc and pads for smooth running remains
practically constant while the brakes are released.
Brake Caliper units consist essentially of the brake cylinder, the brake caliper, and the brake shoes
d1 and d2 with snap lock gates. The brake caliper units are held in the vehicle bogies by a three –
point-mounting arrangement. Working principle
Applying the service brake charges the brake cylinder and presses the brake pads against the brake
disc. Brake force is built up when the pads are applied. Venting the brake cylinder releases the
service brake. The return spring in the brake cylinder moves the caliper levers to the release
position.
The handbrake lever is moved mechanically. The piston is pushed forward, and the brake pads are
applied to the disc. When the parking brake is released, the caliper levers are drawn to the release
position by the return spring in the brake cylinder.
26. 26 BRAKE CYLINDERS U-series brake
cylinders with automatic slack adjustment are used to operate the friction brakes in
rail vehicles. U-series brake cylinders are essentially distinguished by their integral, force
controlled slack adjustment mechanism which is designed as a single acting clearance adjuster. The
working of this mechanism is not influenced in any way by the elastic brake rigging deflection,
which varies according to the brake force. In the course of braking, the slack adjuster quickly and
automatically corrects the increasing brake pad or brake block clearance due to wear.
27. 27 BRAKE DISCS The axle
–mounted brake disc consists of a gray cast iron friction ring and a cast steel hub,
connected by means of radially arranged elastic resilient sleeves which are secured in the hub by
means of hexagon screws. The friction ring is manufactured as a solid component or in a split
version. In the latter case, the two halves are held together by two tight –fit screws.
Axle MountedBrakeDiscs Wheel Mounted BrakeDiscs
BRAKESHOE
The brake shoe is provided with a brake pad holder carrying replaceable pads. The brake shoe
consists of the brake pad holder, the vertical pins and the brake pad. The brake pad holder is
provided with a dovetail guide into which the pad is slipped. The pad is held in place by a captive
gate, which is pivoted at the pad holder. To lock the gate a locking spring of spring steel has been
provided which is pre-tensioned such that in one position it secures the gate in the pad holder and in
the other (released) position it holds the gate open. For each brake disc a right and a left hand brake
shoe are required. 28. 28 6: DISTRIBUTOR VALVE (FTIL Make) INTRODUCTION
An UIC approved Distributor Valve type C3W IP is designed to work in conjunction with a Timing
Volume and 1:1 Relay. The existing standard Passenger Coach DV typeC3W lP cannot work with
the Relay and Timing Volume and hence, it can not be used with the Relay. To prevent usage of
the standard DVs in the Brake Frame, a Dowel Pin is provided on the Integral Volume Sandwich Piece,
which will be received by a corresponding hole in the DV Flange. The DV functions to supply or
exhaust the Brake Cylinder control pressure to the Relay in response to the changes in the regime Brake
Pipepressure towards decrease or increase respectively. When the regime pressure is restored and
maintained at 5 kg/cm², it withdraws the Brake Cylinder control pressure from the Relay to atmosphere
and initiates the brake release. The Distributor Valve gives a maximum BC pressure of 3.8 kg/cm²
during full service or emergency application of Driver’s Brake Valve when the Brake Pipe regime
pressure is set at 5.0 kg/cm². It incorporates a pressure limiting feature to ensure the control BC
pressure is not exceeded beyond 3.8 kg/cm², even in circumstances of Brake Pipe / Control Reservoir
getting overcharged due to any reason beyond 5.0 kg/cm². The DV together with the relay has
application and release timings of a passenger brake system.
The following information is for combined as sy of distributor valve with timing volume & also for
individual assemblies. 29. 29 7: Principle of
Antiskid or Wheel Skid ProtectionSystem
30. 30 8:CENTER BUFFERCOUPLER The coupler
provides a means of mechanically connecting individual adjacent vehicles in order to
make a train. The coupler is located at both ends of each vehicle. When connected to a coupler of an
adjacent vehicle, it allows the vehicles to move independently to accommodate track curvature and
elevation change while remaining connected (coupled) together.
The coupler is opened manually using the coupler operating rod and is closed automatically when
the couplers on adjacent vehicles are mated. The coupler automatically locks when fully mated.
LHB coaches have been provided with tight lock centre buffer couplers instead of screw coupling.
Couplers are AAR-H type and have anti climbing features because of vertical interlocking.
Couplers have adequate strength for:
Satisfactory hauling of a train of 26 coaches at 110kmph
Satisfactory hauling of a train of 18 coaches at 160kmph
Coupling is possible under angular misalignment both horizontally and vertically. The coupler
permits coupled trains to negotiate vertical and horizontal curves and allows rotational movements.
The draw gear ensures cushioning effective in both buff and draf
31. 31 Down train arriving at platform Drawnoutofthe platform
9: MAINTAINANCE OF COACHES
THEPRIMARYSTRUCTURE : - Train is the combination of various types of coach
and the train engine.There are many kind of rakes which play an important role in serving the
main purpose of driving a train. Like public transportation and carrying goodsetc.
There are also varieties of train engines depending on the medium they are driven by, like
electrical and fuel based, especially diesel. Here we are going to concentrate on the trains
which are used mainly for travelling and are equipped with such facilities.
So rake can be defined as the combination of coaches attached together after detachment of the
engine from the train.
THE MAINTENANCE OF THE TRAINS:- The maintenance of the trains is an important
criteria for every coaching facility and workshop. This is very important to make the system run
smoothly and to look after the passenger safety. So knowledge about the proper maintenance is
essential.
Seen from the point of view of the train itself there are three kinds of maintenance available in
Eastern railways.
Primary Maintenance- According to the rules of railways, every division of railways possesses
the responsibility of running some specific trains. For those trains under the consecutive divisions
primary maintenance is done before that train leaves that section of railways. In other words the
primary maintenance is done at the mother or the terminalstation.
Here every aspect of pressure related systems, and aspects of public safety are checked. The
continuity, the bonding between coaches etc is also taken care of.
This takes at about 5 – 6 and half an hour duration until it is given the fit to run
certificate.
Each primary maintenance comprises a form which is known as the v-5 form.
This form has information spaces about those aspects that are secured during this maintenance.If
a train is given fit instead of any fault not so fatal, that is written in thecertificate.
Round trip/Turn Around Maintenance-This maintenance takes place after the train reaches its
final destination from the staring one. This is a short duration maintenance preparing the train to
send it backto the terminal station. Just the necessary maintenance is carriedout.
This takes about one hour forty minutes to about two hours to complete.
Engine detached The rake stabled attheyardorsent formaintenance 32. 32 Secondary Maintenance- Secondary
maintenance is a specific type of the primary maintenance.
When the train runs for about 3500 kilometers orabout 3 days, either way, then at the destination
station the train undergoes the secondarymaintenance.
Here the measures taken are just similar to the primary one. The duration is about six to seven
hours.
THE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES AND THE OVERHAULING PERIODS
There are normally seven kinds of maintenance schedules depending on the condition of
coaches and wagons. They are respectively-
1. A- Schedule - after 30 days of manufacturing or of periodicoverhauling,
repetitive
2. B-Schedule - after 90 days of manufacturing or of periodicoverhauling,
repetitive
3. C-Schedule - after 180 days of manufacturing or of periodicoverhauling,
repetitive
4. Intermediate Overhauling - after 9 months of manufacturing or of periodic
overhauling
5. Periodic Overhauling - after the returning date given by the workshop after
periodicoverhauling.
6. Non-Periodic Overhauling - This is done after 12 months or 18 months afterthe
manufacturing date or the periodic overhauling datedepending
on the condition of the corresponding coach.
7. Interliftingschedule- This is a special kind of maintenance done within the
maintenance facility with lifted coach andparts.
PERIODIC OVERHAULING:- Periodic overhauling is the best available process of
maintenance of coaches in India. This generally operated after 12 or 18 months after the
manufacturing or the previous periodic overhauling done in any workshop. This undergoes a
huge process of lifting the coach, isolating the all parts, and changing or replacing the necessary
or damaged parts. In other words this is the process of renewing the coaches. Here are some
varieties-
1. 12 month basis-
2. 18 months basis-
a. Mail and express trains -
b. Passenger trains -
33. 33 3. For MLR
coaches - 18 months -
4. For new built coaches - 24 months-
POH DATE AND RETURN DATE:- POH date is that date on which its POH has been done
previously in an workshop. This is written on the coach. And the return date is the date on which it
is to be dropped off from the track and to be taken for another periodic overhauling.
Generally they have a 12 month or 18 month gap between them in accordance with the
definition of the POH.
Both of the dates should be given by the corresponding workshop where its POH has been
done.|~|
SIGNIFICANCE OF COACH NUMBER:- Every coach has its own unique number attached to
it which obviously carries some significant information to us. Generally in India that is of five
numbered.
The first two digits represents the year of manufacturing of the coach. And the rest three digits
represents the list of types of coaches. It represents of which type the coach is.|~|
EXAMPLE. 06023 , we can write it up as 06 and 023
O6 represents the year of manufacturing which is year 2006
And 023 represents the type which is an FAC type coach
34. 34 10: SINGLE CAR TEST
Single Car Test’ is performed on a coach to ensure proper functioning of Air Brake System. It is
generally performed on the sick coach that are attended on the sick line or on the coaches that are
subjected to primary maintenance schedule ‘C’. Single car test is also carried out after Periodic
Overhauling and after every change of distributor valv in the workshop. A photograph of a singlecar
test rig coupled to a coach is shown in Figure1.
The different tests performed during single car test of acoach:-
Test1:Leakage Test. Test2:Sensitivity and InsensitivityTest.
Test3: Brake Application and Release Test.
Test4: Graduated Application and Release Test.
Test5: Emergency BrakeApplicationTest.
Test6: Passenger Emergency Valve Test.
Test7: Guard’s Emergency valveTest
Test8: Check and adjust SlackAdjuster.
TOOLS & EQUIPMENTS
Single Car Test Rig.
Spanners 10mm, 12mm
CONCEPT
Single Car Test is performed, by using a portable device called ‘Single Car Test Rig’. This test rig
provides all facilities like that of a driver’s brake valve. The source of compressed air for test rig is
through a compressor installedinsick lines for conducting various tests without the need of a
locomotive. A schematic layout of ‘Single Car Test Rig’ is shown in figure2.
35. 35 Figure 2 TESTS Test1: LeakageTest
Close cock (5) of the test rig and record the drop in BP pressure for 3
minutes.Thedropshouldnotexceed
0.2 kg/cm2in one minute.
Close FP cock (2) and record the drop. It should not exceed 0.2 kg/cm 2 in oneminute.
Joints/connections to sub-assemblies. It should be tested with soap waterfor ascertaining
leakage. Any leakage found should berectified.
Test2: Sensitivity and Insensitivity Test
Open cocks (2), (5) and (11) of the test rig, to fully charge the system including the reservoir.
Close cock (5) and open cock (9) to reduce the air pressure in the BP choke at the rate of 0.6
kg/cm2 in 6 seconds.
Check sensitivity by recording the time within which brakes get applied.
Close cock (9), after the test.
Open cock (5) and charge the air brake system till brakes are released.
Test3:Brake Application and Release Test
Open cocks (2) and (5) of the test rig, and charge the system for 5 minutes.
36. 36 Keep brake
application to full service position by driver’s brake valve on the test rig.
Record the Brake Cylinder (BC) filling time for BC pressure rising from 0 to 3.6 kg/cm2.
Theefilling time should be between 3 to 5 seconds.
Record the maximum BC pressure when it get stabilized, which should be 3.8 +/ -0.1 kg/cm 2.
Record the BC piston stroke and check that brake blocks are binding on wheels. Piston stroke
should be between 85 to 130 mm.
Release the brakes through driver’s brake valve by charging the BP to 5kg/cm2, after
conducting the test.
Record the draining time of both the cylinders for BC pressure dropping from 3.8 to 0.4
kg/cm2,. This should be between 15 to 20 seconds. The piston should reach initial position and
brake blocks should gets released fully.
Test4 : Graduated Application and Release Test
Charge the brake pipe and feed pipe at 5 kg/cm2 and 6 kg/cm2 respectively.
Apply brake in steps by driver’s brake valve handle and record the Brake Pipe Pressure (BP)
and the Brake Cylinder (BC) pressure.
BC pressure should rise in steps and BP pressure should decrease in steps.
Release the brakes in steps by driver’s brake valve handle and record the BP and BC pressure.
Test5 : Emergency Brake Application and Release Test
Charge fully the Air Brake system of the coach by opening cock (5) of the test rig.
Open cock (8) for emergency application.
Record the Brake Cylinder (BC) pressure and check for any leakage in BC for 5 minutes.
Pull the manual release handle for a short time (about 10 seconds).
Check BC pressure drops to zero.
Close cock (8) and open cock (5) of the test rig, after the test is over.
Test6: Passenger Emergency Valve Test
Open cock (5) and (2) of the test rig and charge the brake pipe and feed pipe at 5 kg/cm2 and
6 kg/cm2 respectively.
Pull the alarm chain from inside the coach.
Observe alarm disc rotates situated on the end wall.
Observe air exhaust with hissing sound from (pilot valve) PEASD and PEAV that are
connected to the Brake Pipe (BP).
Observe partial brake gets applied.
Observe that the Micro/limit switch operates and indication lamp on the coach glows.
Observe the drop in brake pipe pressure on the test rig.
Reset the alarm signal disc with the help of resetting key or with the fixed key.
Hissing sound should stop and brakes should get released.
Test7: Guard’s Emergency Van Valve Test
Open cock (5) and (2) of the test rig and charge the brake pipe and feed pipe at 5 kg/cm2 and 6
kg/cm2 respectively. 37. 37 Close co
ck (5) and then operate guard’s Valve handle.
Observe the air from Brake Pipe (BP), exhausts with hissing sound and the brakes in the
guard van gets applied depending on exhaust of air.
Reset the handle and observe the exhaust of air stops.
Observe and not e the drop in BP pressures on test rig.
Observe simultaneous drop of BP and FP pressure gauges provided in guard’s Van.
Close the Guard’s van valve.
Observe standard safety precautions
38. 38 11: FURNISHING OF AC COACHES OBJECTIVES OF FURNISHING:- • Furnishing items
• Fire & safety issues in LHB & ICF coaches
• Toilet systems &bio toilet introduction
• Plumbing systems • Water tanks FURNISHING ITEMS:-
• Round cornered Seats & Berths in Carriages
– WGSCN & WGCB
– WGFAC, WGFACCW, WGACCWN, WGACCW, WGACCN, WGCBAC & WLRRM
– LWFAC, LWACCW, LWACCN
– LWCBAC & LWLRRM
– GS & GSLR {only seats}
• Chairs in Chair Car Coaches
– WGSCZ, WGACCZ & LWACCZ
• Reclining arrangements in Chairs
SEATS & BERTHS ACCESSORIES, AMENITIES:-
• Rolling Berth holding catches, pivots + latches &
PU foam rounded rest angles
• Bed cum Back Rest pivots
• Berth holding chains {Rexine covered}
• Self foldable UB child guard {crashworthy feature}
• Foldable bottle holders {injury free characteristics}
• Nylon magazine bags
• Sunken LED Reading lights
• Arm Rests in coaches
• PU foam cladded ladders
OTHER PASSENGER AMENITY ITEMS:-
• Coat hooks {Electrostatic spray powder coating} in Coupes &
lavatories
• Overhead Luggage racks
• Luggage securing rings beneath seats
• Mirrors in compartments & toilets
• SS D type wash basin
• Soap tray & Liquid Soap dispenser
• Towel rings
• 110 Volts Mobile/Laptop chargers
• CFL & Air Circulating DC ceiling fans
• Roof ventilators
• MS chequered plate made footsteps beneath BSDs
• BSD {Body Side door} handle {Bolted SS handhold}
39. 39 UPHOLSTERY(AC COACHES):- • Fire
{flame} retardant Curtains in 1AC & 2AC
coaches
• Bed sheets, Blankets, Napkin/Towel & Pillows
{i.e. Linens} in all AC Sleeper Class coaches
TRIMMINGS:-
• Rexines & PU foams in all the seats & berths
• 2 mm thick PVC flooring replacing MgOCl ones
• 2 mm thick Al chequered sheets on Doorways
& Gangways VESTIBULE AREAS:-
• Fire {flame} retardant UIC “rubber” on MS
3.15 mm thick vestibules
• 6 mm chequered MS “fall” {flap} plates
DOORWAYS AROUND WASH BASIN:-
• Garbage bins beneath SS wash basins {box
covered} {garbage collected in plastic bags at
CTS & accordingly disposed off}
OTHER PASSENGER INTERFACE ITEMS:-
• Body Side Doors
– Door handle – Door Latches
– Door top structures
• Windows
– Inert gas filled sealed glass units in AC coach windows
– Louvre Shutters in Non AC Coach windows
– Glass Shutters in Non AC Coach windows
– Window Side Structures
• Lavatories
– Windows with Frosted glass/sealed windows/BANJO fittings
– Lavatory doors having tower bolts & turn over catches
– SS D type/porcelain Wash basins, SS Pans/commodes,
Flush valves & taps, SS Mugs, Soap tray, Liquid soap
dispenser, Tissue Paper Rolls, Coat Hooks, Towel rings,
Exhaust fans & lights, SS Wall protectors
OVERHEAD WATERTANKS:-
Types of Overhead 100 gallons Al Water Tank currently used in ICF NAC coaches.
Conventional design:- ICF SK-6-3-080,being used from early 90’s {Al fabricatedtanks in Non
AC coaches}
Two Piece design:- ICF SK-6-3-444, beingused from 2003 {Welded zones not at thetank floor}
40. 40 12: PAINTING Object of Painting in Coaches:
1. To prevent the surface from atmosphere i.e. Corrosion.
2. To prevent the surface from Wear-Tear.
3. To prevent surface from Harmful Insects
4. To reflect Heat & Light.
5. To produce Aesthetics look (formal nice to look at) of surface.
6. To produce New Life.
Composition of paint:
There are following ingredients of Paint
Pigment Binder Solvent Additive Pigment:
Pigments contribute color in the paint.
Pigments give the paint special properties.
Pigments can be classified as natural and synthetic types.
Pigment effect cost of the paint.
Binder:
The binder, or resin, is the actual film forming component of paint.
Binders can be categorized according to drying or curing mechanism
Solvent:
The main purpose of the Solvent is to adjust the viscosity (control flow) & affect the stability of
the paint.
It is volatile and does not become part of the paint film.
The carrier for the non volatile components.
MTO or Xylene is the main solvent for Industrial paints.
Water is the main solvent for water-based paints.
Additives:
Additives are usually added in small amounts to
Provide a significant effect on the product.
41. 41 SCHEDULES OF PAINTING
IN ICF/RCF COACHES IN INDIAN RAILWAY:-
There are following two type of schedules are followed in Indian Railway for
Painting in Coaches during POH-
1. ‘A’ Schedule 2. ‘C’ Schedule
“A” SCHEDULE (NINE DAYS):-
1st Day: Remove old paint.
2nd Day: One coat of Red Oxide Zinc chromate primer.
3rd Day: One coat of brush filler followed by spot putty to fill up holes/dents where required.
4th Day: Filler second coat (including spot putty where necessary)
5th Day: Rub down with silicon carbide water proof paper Gr. 120 & 220
6thDay: One coat of under coat
7th Day: Flat with silicon Carbide water proof Paper Gr. 320. One coat of enamel finishing.
8th Day: Flat with silicon Carbide water proof Paper Gr. 400 and apply a second coat of synthetic
enamel finishing.
9th Day: Lettering with Golden yellow and miscellaneous work (cleaning window glasses etc.)
“C” SCHEDULE (FIVE DAYS):-
1st Day:Cleaning with soap solution or any other cleaning solution and wash thoroughly with water
touch up damaged portion with primer recommended under A schedule.
2nd Day:Spot putty if necessary and one coat of under coat.
3rd Day:Flat with silicon carbide water proof paper Gr. 120 & 220,and apply one coat of finishing
enamel.
4th Day:Flat with silicon carbide water proof Gr. 400 and apply a second coat of synthetic enamel
finishing.
5th Day:Lettering with golden yellow and miscellaneous work.
42. 42 INTERIOR PAINTING OF COACHES:-
a. Newly built coaches with laminated plastic panels require painting only on the steel mouldings. The
mouldings should be cleaned in every POH and repainted with one coat of synthetic enamel to IS:133-
93 of appropriate colour. Sketch 90068 gives the interior colour scheme of coaches.
b. If the condition of the paint on the mouldings has deteriorated or become thick, the complete paint
should be removed by the paint remover. The moulding should then be washed thoroughly, allowed to
dry and repainted with one coat Red-oxide zinc chromate primer to IS:2074 -92 followed by synthetic
enamel to IS 133-93 of appropriate colour.
c. Aluminum window frames should not be painted, but should be thoroughly cleaned of all stains in
position. If they are very dirty, they should be removed and cleaned with oxalic acid. FRP windows
should be painted with polyurethane paints to RDSO specification No. M&C/ PCN/100/ 96 (Chapter
IV).
d. Laminated panels should be polished with silicon paste or similar suitable polish to restore luster and
also to provide a protective coating.
e. Coaches other than those fitted with laminated plastic panels should be cleaned with soap solution or
suitable detergent and thereafter cleaned thoroughly with wet cloth so that all head stains, oily marks,
etc., are completely removed. Then a single coat or, if required, a double coat of synthetic enamel to
IS:133-93 should be applied by brush/spray.
f. In case where the old paint has become thick due to repeated painting or where the paint has
deteriorated or cracked, the wooden panel should be removed and replaced or reused after completely
removing the old paint and repainting it.
MARKING OF COACHES TOGETHER WITH EXTERIOR:-
All lettering on coaches should be according to the sizes prescribed in the marking diagrams for the
type of coach to which they pertain (refer RDSO drawing number CSC-970). Anti telescopic coach end
walls should be marked with yellow stripes as sketch no. 77356. Each should be marked with following
details:
i) Coach No., Owning Railway, and Mechanical code if any.
ii) Name of base station for primary maintenance
iii) No. of compartments and seating capacity as prescribed for the type of coach
iv) Notices for use of alarm signal, safety precautions etc. if separate notice plates for these are not
placed.
v) Transportation code applicable to the type of coach as per appendix ‘B’ of IRCA Conference Rule
part IV.
vi) Carrying capacity of OCV’s to the nearest tonnes up to one decimal place above actual capacity.
vii) Tare weights as recorded at the time of initial building or subsequent major modifications.
viii) A woman’s figure head painted on illuminated panel of compartments permanently reserved for
ladies.
ix) Return date showing the month and year in which the coach is required to be returned to the owning
43. 43 railway workshop for POH.
x) The capacity of the dynamo and light/fan loads to be stenciled on the end panels.
TOOLS AND PLANTS FOR PAINTING
a) Types of brushes:-
i) Round brushes nos. 1/0, 2/0, 3/0 & 4/0.
ii) Flat brushes nos. 25 mm, 38 mm, 50 mm, 63 mm, 75 mm,
100 mm iii) Lettering brushes:
_ Flat brushes nos. 1 to 12
_ Round brushes nos. 1 to 12
iv) Stencil brushes
v) Cleaning brushes for LP sheets with soda ash
b) Putty knife :-
i) Pallet knife ii) Falling knife iii) Haking knife c) Scrapers:- i) Shave tukes ii) Triangular iii) Semi circular iv) Diagonal d) Abrasive papers:-
i) Silicon carbide water proof paper grade nos. 120, 220, 320 &
400.
e) Painting spray gun with air compressor plant for painting.
f) Safety Equipments for painting:-
a. Respiratory mask: Inhalation of solvent vapours or paint mistshould be avoided by using proper
Respiratory mask.
b. Hand gloves: Contact of liquid paint with skin should be avoided byusing proper gloves.
c. Goggles: Contact of liquid paint with eye should be avoided bygoggles.
d. Forced ventilation: Forced ventilation should be provided whenapplying paint in confined spaces or
stagnant air 44. 44 13: Inspection of Bogie And Bogiecomponents
In this section three components are inspected.
1)SideBearer 2)CentrPivot 3)Coupler-screwcoupler/knucklecoupler
Inspection of side Bearer side bearer is a component which restricts the excessive motion or coaches on
bogies in the direction perpendicular to the track. Side bearer is connected to the bogie frame by rhree
knee joints.This knee joints due to constant wear and stress-strain tend to develop cracks and fatigues.
This can be dangerous in case this cracks progress and break the joint resultiag weakening of lateral
motion of coaches in bogies. This can cause accidents To avoid this inspector checks each knee joint
with a help of torch and finds out crack. After detection or cracks they are welded to strengthen the
knee joint.
Inspection of Centre Pivot centre pivot is the slot provided in the bogie for the centre pivot of coach to
go in to. Due to turning this pivot also wear and have to be inspected in order to replace or repair.
GENLRAL INSTRUC11ONS FOR INSPICTION IN WORKSHOPS
when coachnes are received in the workshops for repairs they should be thoroughly inspected for
locating corroded members by competent and trained staff who have thorough knowledge of integral
coaches. Adequate instruments such as spikce hammer, torch etc should be provided to enable proper
and through inspection being carried out. It is seen that these coaches generally require their first
corrosion repair after 9-11 years. It is therefore essential to visually inspect all coaches irrespective or
their age and if signs of corrosion are noticed, they should be subjected to through detailed inspection.
For those post 1977 built coaches which are provided with sealed window sills and closed turn unders
mandatory opening or side wall sheet for inspection is not necessary this should be done on condition
basis only. Normally, coaches thoroughly inspected and attended to for corrosion repairs in accordance
with the instructions given in this pamphlet should not require corrosion repairs at the same location for
a further period or six to seven years, but in view or factors such as non-vailability or materials of the
prescribed quality and specification variations in quality or workmanship and climatic and service
conditions from Railway to Railway, it is difficult to predict the period with any degree of accuracy. it
will, therefore, be necessary that on subsequent visits or these coaches to shops for POH, all coaches
irrespective of age and the degree or attention given in the previous POH should be subjected to a
through examination. 45. 45 14:ISO STANDARDDIZATION ISO 9001: ISO
9001 is an International Standard that gives requirements for an organization for quality
management system (QMS). It is part or a family of standards published by the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) and often referred to collectively as the “ISO 9000 series” or
ISO 9000 family For this reason, you may sometimes hear your suppliers refer to being ”ISO 9000
certified”, or having an”ISO 9000-compliant QMS”. This will normally mean that they are claiming to
have a QMS that meets the requirements of ISO 9001. the only standard in the ISO 9000 family that
can be used for the purpose of conformity assessment. It is important to understand, however, that ISO
is the body that develops and publishes the standard - ISO does not “certify” organizations, as will be
explained later in this text. The objective of ISO 9001 is to provide a set of requirements that, if
effectively implemented, will give you confidence that your supplier can consistently provide products
and services that: • Meet your needs and expectations Comply with applicable regulations
here are various ways in which your supplier can claim that its QMS meets the requirements of ISO
9001. These include: . “Supplier's declaration or
conformity”:
A declaration by your supplier itself affirming that its QMS meets ISO 9001 requirements, usually
supported by legally binding signatures. This declaration can be based on your supplier's internal audit
system, or on second-party or third-party audits-.. Second-party assessment:
Your supplier has been assessed directly by its customer (for example by you, or by another customer
whose reputation you respect) to check if its QMS meets ISO 9001 requirements and your own
requirements - sometimes used in contractual “business-to business” transactions. Third-party
assessment (often referred to as certification or registration):
Your supplier hires an impartial third party (a certification body or “registrar”) to conduct an
assessment to verify conformity to ISO 9001 requirements. This third party then issues a certificate to
your supplier describing the scope of its QMS, and confirming that it conforms to ISO 9001. •
Additional confidence may be derived from the fact that some certification bodies (registrars) are
accredited by nationally or internationally recognized accreditation bodies that verify the certification
body's independence and competence to carry out the certification process. Many accreditation bodies
have multilateral arrangements under the umbrella of the International Accreditation Forum (IAF) to
promote worldwide mutual recognition in support of world Trade organization (WTO) free trade
principles. •ISO 14000 :
The IsO 14000 family includes most notably the ISO 14001 standard, which represents the core set or
standards used by organizations for designing and implementing an effective environmental
management system (EMS). Other standards in this series include ISO 14004, which gives additional
guidelines for a good EMS, and more specialized standards dealing with specific aspects or
environmental management. The major objective of the ISO 14000 series of norms is to provide
“practical tools for companies and organizations of all kinds looking to manage their environmental
responsibilities.”
The ISO 14000 series is based on a voluntary approach to environmental regulation. The series
includes the ISO 14001 standard, which provides guidelines for the establishment or improvement or
46. 46 an EMS. The
standard shares many common traits with its predecessor, ISo 9000, the international
standard of quality management, which served as a model for its internal structure, and both can be
implemented side by side. As with ISO 9000, ISO 14000 acts both as an internal management tool and
as a way of demonstrating a company's environmental commitment to its customers and clients.
•lSO 18000 :
ISO/IEC 18000 is an international standard that describes a series of diverse RFLD technologies, each
using a unique frequency range. ISO/IEC 18000 consists of the following parts, under the general title
Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management:
Part I: Reference architecture and definition of parameters to be standardized Part 2:
Parameters for air interface communications below 135 kHz
Part 3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz[al
Part 4: Parameters for air interface communications at 2,45 GHz
Part 6: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz Part 7: Parameters for
active air interface communications at 433 MHz The ISO/IEC 18000-6 is a large document.
In 2o12 it was split into 5 parts for publication:
GENERAL
Part 61: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz Type A
Part 62: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz Type B
Part 63: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz Type C
Part 64: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHZ to 960 MHz Type D
The various parts or ISO/IEC 18000 describe air interface communication at different frequencies in
order to be able to utilize the different physical behaviors. The various parts of ISO/IEC 18000 are
developed by ISO/IEc JTCI SC31, “Automatic Data capture Techniques”. conformance test methods
for the various parts of ISo/TEC 18000 are defined in the corresponding pans of ISO/IEC
18047.Performance test methods are defined in ISO/WC 18046
47. 47 CONCLUSION This training focused
upon increasing our knowledge and
interest in toward the Maintanance and repairing of Railway
Carriage & Wagons. Because It is most efficient and necessary
needs to peoples in these days so its production at most
efficient method with minimum cost and in proper sequence
with less wastage. It increase my practical skills that’s the main
thing which I learnt in the training session. Thus, I believe that
my training session will be beneficial for various purposes and
hence our efforts will be fruitful.
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